Herbicides Used to Control or Kill Woody Stemmed Plants

The United States Department of Agriculture takes herbicide application practices very seriously. You have to have a state pesticide handlers license to apply many of these chemicals or even to purchase them. I have developed this list of chemicals as a general overview of herbicides used to control of woody stemmed pests. Ways to apply an herbicide are numerous. They can  be applied to foliage or soil, they can be injected into the bark or sprayed on stumps. It all depends on the specific chemical formulation you are using.  Here are some application methods for these chemicals which should be used according to labeling instructions. Woody-stemmed Herbicides and How They are Applied These chemicals are listed by generic name, brand name and application method. Some of these herbicides may now be out of favor or have been added to a restricted list so use this list only as a starting guide. All links are to Cornell Universitys Pesticide Management Education Program. This is not an all-inclusive listing and is intended to give an overall view of available woody stem control chemicals and how they are applied: Amitrole (Amitrol-T) - foliar spray Bromacil (Hyvar) - broadcast treatment 2,4-D (several trade names) - foliar spray Dichlorprop (2,4-DP, Weedone 2,4-DP) - foliar spray Dicamba (Banvel) - cut surface Fosamine (Krenite) - foliage treatment Glyphosate (Roundup) - foliar spray Hexazinone (Velpar) - soil uptake Imazapyr (Arsenal) - foliar, frill, stump treatment Metsulfuron (Escort) - foliar spray Picloram (Tordon) - broadcast, foliar, frill treatment Tebuthiuron (Spike) - broadcast treatment Triclopyr (Garlon) - spray This listing is intended to be used as a general guide only. Before using any herbicide consult the label before using. Remember that labels change frequently and often contain special restrictions reguarding specific use of the chemical. How to Kill a Tree Using HerbicidesHow to Kill a Tree Without ChemicalsList of Approved Tree Control Chemicals

Intellectual Property, Trademark, And Trade Secrets

Intellectual Property refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; library and artistic works; designs; and symbols, names and images used in commerce. It is any product of the human intellect that the law protects from unauthorized use by others. It is comprised of four categories: patent, copyright, trademark, and trade secrets. Patent gives the inventor the right to exclude others from making, using, importing, and selling the patented innovation for a certain amount of time. A patent can be granted the inventor if they file an application in a timely manner. Most inventors seek a patent to obtain the actual or potential commercial advantages that go along with the right to exclude others. Copyright protection gives the right to reproduce, distribute, perform, display, and license things such as music, motion pictures, writings, architecture, and other original intellectual expressions. Trademarks are words, phrases, names, slogans, logos, and symbols used by producers to identify their goods and services. As for trade secrets, to determine whether information creates a trade secret, there are six factors that need to be considered: The extent to which the information is known outside the claimant’s business, the extent to which it is known by employees and other involved in the business, the extent of measures taken by the claimant to guard the secrecy of the information, the value of the information to the business and its competitors, the amount of effort orShow MoreRelatedIntellectual Property: The Creation of a Mind1157 Words   |  5 PagesIntellectual property (IP) is defined as the exclusive right which is recognized legally as creation of a mind (Greenhalgh Rogers, 2010). 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American companies face more than just economic challenges: if losses of intellectual property rights continue to go uncheckedRead MoreIntellectual Property And The Copyright Act Of 19761688 Words   |  7 PagesIntellectual property represents ideas created by minds of humans that require certain rights for their use. Intellectual property gives companies a competitive advantage and attracts the attention of other business partners and investors (Lee, 2016). With such importance, it is necessary for the law to protect these ideas from being used by unauthorized individuals. To shield from this, trade secrets, patents, and copyrights are used to protect the ownership of intellectual property (Legal Information Read MoreIntellectual Property Protection and Enforcement Essay1365 Words   |  6 PagesIntellectual property (IP) is defined as property that is developed through an intellectual and creative processes. 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Intellectual Property can be categorized under the following: Monopoly Right to preventRead MoreThe World Intellectual Property Organization Essay886 Words   |  4 PagesIntellectual property is an asset to an individual or a business. Even though intellectual property is intangible, it is very important to protect it. Protection of intellectual property can be one of the most important business decisions one can make. The World Intellectual Property Organization (n.d.) states intellectual property refers to creations of the mind. This can include inventions but also includes literary and artistic works, as well as symbols, names and images used in commerce. Read MoreThe Case Of Jimmy And His Aunt857 Words   |  4 PagesIn the case of Jimmy and his aunt, the two major legal concerns are the identification and definition of what constitutes intellectual property, and what qualifies as a breach of promise in this particular instance. â€Å"Contracts are agreements that the law will enforce. Contracts are individual, or private, rights and duties created by oral or written agreement and consent of the parties† (Judicial Education Center, Contract law, 2016). Obviously this applies to what Jimmy is claiming in the breachRead MoreEthics And Technology : Controversies, Questions, And Strategies For Ethical Computing773 Words   |  4 PagesControversies, Questions, and Strategies for Ethical C omputing by Herman T. Tavani is about intellectual property disputes. Tavani defines intellectual property as an intangible form of property that is protected by a system of laws through which authors and inventors are given ownership rights over their creative works and inventions. There are four legal frameworks for protecting intellectual property. The first of these is copyright laws. Copyright laws protect authors. An author can alsoRead MoreEssay about Legal and Ethical Leadership in Management1549 Words   |  7 Pagescounterfeit items are being sold, and has requested that Normandale stop selling the imitation product. Normandale has not complied. This paper will discuss if Normandale’s behavior was ethical or not, state or federal laws in relation to intellectual property, and if Mathis has incurred any damages. The paper will also cover social responsibility, implementation of ethical codes, and personal and criminal liabilities. Ethical Behavior Ethics is the study of good and bad behavior; while businessRead MoreEssay Application1718 Words   |  7 PagesMy interest for the Attorney Advisor position with the United States Patent Trademark Office (USPTO) arises from my longstanding commitment to constantly improve myself. I have always enjoyed legal research, writing, and the complexities of intellectual property. I have no doubt that my enthusiasm to research, my eagerness to learn, and my strong ability to communicate clearly, work efficiently, accurately, and quickly, will make me an invaluable asset to the USPTO. I believe these traits combined

Discuss the Various Attitudes to Marriage and Courtship That Jane Austen Presents in ‘Pride and Prejudice’ free essay sample

Discuss the Various Attitudes to Marriage and Courtship that Jane Austen presents in ‘Pride and Prejudice’ In Jane Austen’s book ‘Pride and Prejudice’ she shows various attitudes of marriage and courtship through each character. Some of these attitudes to marriage and courtship are very different to the attitudes of most people today. This book is mainly about marriage so it is very easy and interesting to compare the opinions of marriage from the early nineteenth century to life now. Jane Austen mentions marriage for the first time, in Pride and Prejudice, in the very first sentence: It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. (Chapter 1, page 51) This is possibly the most important quote in the book because it sets the tone for the rest of the novel and it is where we first discover that the book is actually about marriage. Marriage was more of a business arrangement then. For young women it was very important, particularly for the Bennets, that you married a man who was as rich as possible. The amount of money that men had and the lifestyle based on that amount played a very important part in the decision of who to marry. How much love played a part in the equation was a lot smaller than how much the money did. Mrs Bennet, throughout the book, we can see is a very loud, impolite woman. Her character could be described as being a caricature. We first hear of Mr Charles Bingley when Mrs Bennet is telling her husband, Mr Bennet, about him. We don’t learn too much about him other than the fact that he is very wealthy and he is in the area. Mr Bennet asks at this point to Mrs Bennet if he is married or single. She replies: â€Å"Oh! single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls! (Chapter 1, page 51) From what Mrs Bennet says we can instantly see that she is very excited at the news of Mr Bingley being in the area. All that she has heard is that he is wealthy and single and she is already picturing him marrying one of her daughters: â€Å"You must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them. † (Chapter 1, page 51) We can see that Mrs Bennet’s main aim is to have her daughters married to rich men because while she is trying to inform Mr Bennet of, in her opinion, great news that Mr Bingley has just arrived into the area, Mr Bennet shows no interest, which agitates her further. Mr. Bennet, how can you abuse your own children in such a way? You take delight in vexing me. You have no compassion for my poor nerves. † (Chapter 1, page 52) Elizabeth, however, has different views to marriage compared to her mother. Her opinions of marriage are very much like the opinions of most women today. Of course she takes into account how much money she would have as a result of the marriage but having a rich husband is not all she considers in the decision of marriage. For Elizabeth love has to be included with the marriage no matter how wealthy the husband would be. This is why she refuses two marriage proposals from Mr Fitzwilliam Darcy and Mr Collins later in the book, because – although accepting either marriage would financially improve her lifestyle – she does not love either man. Of course later in the book she does change her mind and fall in love with Mr Darcy. She shows this with various changes of her character and opinion of him throughout the book and later accepts Darcy’s second marriage proposal. This book was set to be in the late 18th century at which social gatherings were particularly important. Balls and musical evenings were seen as being the centre of social life. These gatherings were great opportunities to find a partner. Jane Bennet first met Mr Bingley at a ball in Meryton. (They later marry). At the same town ball Elizabeth Bennet first met Mr Darcy too. (They also marry later in the novel). At this point in the novel, however, Elizabeth does not love or even like Mr Darcy. Elizabeth remained with no very cordial feelings towards him. (Chapter 3, page 59) This was quoted just after Elizabeth overheard Mr Darcy and Mr Bingley talking at the ball. Mr Bingley was trying to persuade Mr Darcy to dance with somebody and suggested specifically for him to dance with Elizabeth. He, however, did not think that she was good enough for him: â€Å"She is tolerable; but not handsome enough to tempt me;†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Chapter 3, page 59) This signifies that Mr Darcy does not appreciate women that are of a much lower class than him. He would rather not marry a poor woman. Unfortunately for him he falls in love with Elizabeth later. During chapter seven Jane Bennet receives a letter from Caroline Bingley inviting Miss Bennet out to lunch. In the late 18th century women were very delicate in comparison to women today. They were delicate in that, for example, if they were in the heat for too long they would feel headachy or faint. Mrs Bennet obviously knew this because, when Jane asked for the carriage, Mrs Bennet deliberately said no: â€Å"No, my dear, you had better go on horseback, because it seems likely to rain; and then you must stay all night. † (Chapter 7, page 77) This quote proves the point that ladies during this time wanted nothing more than to have their daughters married, Mrs Bennet in particular. She is willing to risk her daughter’s health and actually wants her daughter to feel ill so she can stay the night at Mr Bingley’s house rather than just go out for lunch. It shows how far Mrs Bennet is willing to push her daughters into the path of suitable men in order to secure a good marriage. Later in the chapter, when we find out that Jane in fact does have to stay the night due to feeling ill, Elizabeth decides to visit her but intends on walking to Mr Bingley’s house instead of using the carriage. Mrs Bennet claims that it is a foolish idea and will not be fit to be seen when she arrives. Elizabeth replies: I shall be very fit to see Jane – which is all I want. † (Chapter 7, page 78) This quote supports the fact that Elizabeth has no intention of trying to impress the Bingleys or Mr Darcy by the way she looks. The opinions of her are very modern in terms of marriage so she does not really care for what she looks like. Mrs Hurst and Miss Bingl ey both think of Elizabeth as quite disgusting at this point. It brought them great shock when she arrived in her ‘dirty stockings’ (Chapter 7, page 79). When Elizabeth goes to go check on Jane after dinner Mrs Hurst and Miss Bingley can’t help but ‘abuse her’ (Chapter 8, page 81) as soon as she leaves. Mrs Hurst says: â€Å"I shall never forget her appearance this morning. She looked almost wild. † (Chapter 8, page 81) The contrast of opinions of Elizabeth and Mrs Hurst and Miss Bingley again shows how much more modern Elizabeth is compared to every other lady in the novel. We soon meet Mr Collins. Jane Austen has written Mr Collins to have a very exaggerated personality or character of smug pomposity making him, like Mrs Bennet another caricature. During chapter 19 he proposes to Elizabeth: â€Å"†¦I singled you out as the companion of my future life. But before I am run away with by my feelings for this subject, perhaps it will be advisable for me to state reasons for marrying -† (Chapter 19, page 147) Mr Collins continues to speak of why he has chosen to propose. He claims that the church says it is a good idea to get married so he would simply be setting an example for other people. He also claims that it would bring him happiness and that Catherine de Bourgh, his benefactor, wishes for him to be married also. He then goes on to say what would happen when they were to be married. Elizabeth interrupts him: â€Å"You are too hasty, Sir, â€Å" she cried. You forget that I have made no answer. (Chapter 19, page 148) Indeed, Elizabeth is right. Mr Collins has not waited for Elizabeth to even agree to the marriage but is already referring to what he predicts will happen in the future when they supposedly get married. He does this because he expects her to accept the marriage proposal. The idea of Elizabeth rejecting Mr Colli ns’ marriage proposal was alien to him. If Elizabeth was to accept the proposal then she would have a better life financially so in that time there was not a great deal of reason for her to reject the proposal. When she does reject the proposal he doesn’t seem to believe it, declaring: â€Å"†¦it is usual with young ladies to reject the addresses of the man whom they secretly mean to accept, when he first applies for their favour†¦ sometimes the refusal is repeated a second or even a third time. † (Chapter 19, page 148) He clearly thinks that all women initially refuse a proposal so as not to appear too eager or too desperate to get married when in fact that is their intention all along. This is why he goes on to express his confidence that he will eventually lead her to the altar. Elizabeth again declines the proposal but Mr Collins will not have it. He again states his belief of women not wanting to sound too eager by accepting a proposal. Elizabeth again declines the offer before Mr Collins tries to persuade her to marry him. Jane Austen shows by this, how women were expected to accept proposals if it would financially improve their life. Jane Austen also shows how the modernisation of the character Elizabeth affects the other characters such as Mr Collins and his disbelief of her rejection. A few days after this Mr Collins proposes to Charlotte Lucas. For this moment, the meaning of the first sentence of the novel seems defensible. Unlike Elizabeth she accepts the proposal. The views of this between Mrs Bennet, Charlotte Lucas and Elizabeth Bennet are all very different. The prospect of financial security outweighs any romance or love for Mr Collins’ character according to Charlotte Lucas: â€Å"I am not romantic you know. I never was. I ask only a comfortable home;† (Chapter 22, page 165) Charlotte Lucas and her family view the proposal as a triumph. This quote shows how Charlotte Lucas’ opinion of marriage is not modern like Elizabeth’s. Elizabeth views this as disappointing. She thinks that it is ridiculous that Charlotte would marry for such a reason as to financially improve her lifestyle. Mrs Bennet is also disappointed but at Elizabeth. She blames her child for letting such a great opportunity slip through the family’s fingers. When Mr Bennet dies, Mr Collins will own his estate. Now that he is to marry Charlotte Lucas instead of Elizabeth they cannot save it. This thought brings Mrs Bennet more distress. When Kitty and Lydia first ind out they think of it as nothing more than gossip as Mr Collins is ‘only a clergyman’ (Chapter 23, page 168). Darcy’s first proposal to Elizabeth has a vital importance in the novel and could be described as signalling a turning point. Darcy is exceedingly rich and earns ? 10,000 a year. If Darcy were to propose to anyone other than Elizabeth they would probably agree to the marriage due to the large sum of money he receives per year. Elizabeth however rejects him! This truly does show how her opinion is different in comparison to other women in terms of marriage. Elizabeth informs Darcy about her knowledge of Wickham and Jane and Bingley, justifying her reasons to reject his proposal. We can tell that he is shocked at this: His complexion became pale with anger, and the disturbance of his mind was visible in every feature. (Chapter 34, page 222) His anger signifies that he was not expecting rejection. Mr Darcy is described in the book many times as being very proud and snobby. He must find it exceedingly confusing as to why a lady with such a poor background and family would reject his proposal, as he believes that he is quite magnificent. However his loyalty to his friend Mr Bingley allows us to forget the arrogance when he gives Elizabeth a letter the following morning explaining that he did not believe that Jane loved Bingley, and that he thought that if Bingley was to propose to her then he would make a fool of himself. He merely was trying to protect Bingley he claims. When Elizabeth visits Darcy’s estate with the Gardiners to her surprise Darcy is there despite the fact that she had been told he would be out of town until the following day. After a few conversations between them Elizabeth thinks: â€Å"Why is he so altered? From what can it proceed? It cannot be for me, it cannot be for my sake that his manners are thus softened. My reproofs at Hunsford could not work such a change as this. It is impossible that he should still love me. † (Chapter 43, page 276) Elizabeth ponders to herself as to whether Darcy loves her still or not. She is wondering how it is that, after her rudeness when she rejected his proposal, he can appear to be so nice and polite to her and the Gardiners. She considers the fact that he may still love her, as he is more gentlemanly than she has ever seen him to be. This shows how much love he has for Elizabeth. You could also look at it from the point of view that he is fighting for Elizabeth by trying to flatter her. He does in fact propose to her again later in the novel. Lydia is well aware of the attitudes of courtship and marriage but because she is so besotted with Mr Wickham later in the novel she forgets all of the rules and elopes with him. The family are so shocked and disgusted at the behaviour of Lydia (and Wickham). Even Elizabeth who has more modern views on courtship and marriage is worried how Lydia’s misbehaviour will reflect on her family and what its consequences will be for her relationship with Darcy. When she hears of Lydia’s elopement she tells Darcy that she is â€Å"distressed by some dreadful news† (Chapter 46, page 294) and Darcy’s response is to declare that he is â€Å"grieved – shocked. † (Chapter 46, 295). Elizabeth soon observed, and instantly understood it. Her power was sinking; every thing must sink under such a proof of family weakness, such an assurance of the deepest disgrace. (Chapter 46, page 295) This shows how truly embarrassed Elizabeth was. Her views on everything are so modern compared to most ladies and gentlemen in the 18th century however this even shocked her. We find out that Lydia and Wickham agree to get married later in the novel. The reactions of her family are very predictable. Mrs Bennet is so overjoyed that Lydia is getting married at such a young age that she forgets about her disgusting behaviour. Jane hopes they have a happy life together. Elizabeth is happy that they are marrying but is disappointed at Lydia’s behaviour. Mr Bennet is angry at Lydia for putting the family in the situation of having to give the Gardiners money. Lydia is so happy with herself because of her marriage that she is completely taking advantage of it all. She says to Jane: â€Å"Ah! Jane, I take your place now, and you must go lower, because I am a married woman. † (Chapter 51, page 329) Lydia and her mother are very alike in terms of how excited and proud they are to the fact that Lydia is now married. They are both very proud so Lydia in this chapter tries to find any way she can to show off the fact that she is married. When Darcy proposes to Elizabeth the second time, ironically it is all due to the fact that Lady Catherine de Bourgh visited Elizabeth and tried to force them apart. When Lady Catherine told Darcy he was delighted that Elizabeth refused to promise to turn down a proposal from him if he was to make one. Of course Elizabeth accepts the proposal. Darcy and Elizabeth have a joint wedding with Jane and Bingley. To conclude, one of the main features of Jane Austens writing is to carefully set out how young ladies should behave in the late 18th century. In ‘Pride and Prejudice’, by using a heroine such as Elizabeth she gives an alternative and possibly more modern view of behaviour. In this novel, Elizabeth’s views on marriage are particularly modern.

Use of Irony in the Rocking-Horse Winner free essay sample

Use of Irony- Enhancement By Janice Lai A story is comprised of literary elements and literary devices. The basic literary elements of a story are setting, character, conflict, point of view, plot and theme. A story must have all these elements in order to become a fully developed story. Aside from these elements, writers often use literary devices to enhance the story, perhaps making the story more popular. Irony, a statement meaning the opposite of what is written literally when taken in context is one of the popular literary devices used. R. H. Lawrence also uses various ironies in his short story, Rocking-Horse Winner. Consequently, the various ironies in the story Rocking-House Winner effectively help to enhance the story by further developing the literary elements. First of all, R. H. Lawrence uses irony to strengthen the setting and the conflict in order to create a stronger developed story. In the beginning of the story, the audience is introduced to the environment of the family. We will write a custom essay sample on Use of Irony in the Rocking-Horse Winner or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They attempt to be recognized as a high class by living in a stylish house and buying luxuries items. However, the parents both have a small income and the family always complains there is a shortage of money. As the author describes, â€Å"There was always the grinding sense of the shortage of money, though the style was always kept up. † This setting is ironic since if there is a shortage of money, the family would save up instead of spending to keep them in style. This ironic setting, indeed, introduces the conflict, since this continual massive spending will lead the family into financial problems. As a result, this use of irony effectively establishes the setting and introduces to the conflict of the story. Furthermore, irony is also used to enhance the plot. When Uncle Oscar finds out his nephew Paul is involved in horse race betting, he asks Paul for a potential winning horse. However, Uncle Oscar does not believe in him so he only bet a small amount of money. This is ironic since although Uncle Oscar finds out his nephew is brilliant in betting, he still doesn’t trust Paul’s decision. This proves it is unbelievable that such a child can excel in horse race betting which further enhances the plot by creating anxiety in reader if Paul is able to win so much money in horse race betting. Consequently, by creating anxiety in the audience, the irony further makes the story better. Aside from the previous ironies, the author also utilizes irony to enhance the setting and plot. When Paul gives some of the money he wins to his mother with an excuse as a trust fund, instead of stopping the whispers of â€Å"There must be more money†, the whispers grow to â€Å"There must be more money! More than ever! More than ever! † This clearly reveals the setting of this story in which the family is materialistic and longs for money. This builds up the conflict since Paul will be pressurized to find more money leading to the climax of this story. This irony will also create suspense since the audience will wonder what Paul will do to gain more money. Consequently, the irony indeed enhances the story by creating suspense, revealing the setting and thus building up the conflict. Lastly, R. H. Lawrence also uses irony to develop characterization and the rising action of the story. When Paul struggles to go to the Derby, his mother blames Bassett and Uncle Oscar for influencing Paul into these races. However, it is ironic since it is her who caused all these troubles. If she does not long for money and does not entirely spend the 5000 pounds given to her as a trust fund, then Paul will not be involved in the horse race betting. As a result, this irony reveals the character of his mother. She does not realize that her living style and the constant whisperings of â€Å"There must be more money! † does create a problem for the family and put pressure on Paul. She does not realize that her materialistic personality is a problem. This irony also strengthens the rising action of the story. Aside from the pressure put on Paul by Uncle Oscar, his mother also puts pressure on Paul by telling him to stay away from the horse races. All these pressure intensify the rising action in order to advance the story to the climax point. Therefore, by revealing characterization and the plot, this irony further strengthens the whole story. In all, in the story, Rocking Horse Winner, written by R. H. Lawrence, it uses various ironies to enhance the story by further developing the literary elements. In the beginning, the author uses the irony of the family’s living style to introduce the setting and conflict. Later, irony is used to develop the plot and create suspense. During the rising action, irony is used again to build up the conflict and reveal the setting. Lastly, irony is used to reveal the nature of the mother’s character and intensify the plot to advance the story to the climax point. Therefore, by using these ironies effectively, R. H. Lawrence is able to make his story more intensified and suspenseful. This is why many authors use ironies to enhance their story. A story must have all the basic elements, but to make it a ‘good’ story, one must use literary devices to enhance the story.

Should Animals be Kept in Zoos Essays - Zoos, Apoikozoa, Filozoa

Should Animals be Kept in Zoos? Many people feel that it's dangerous to hold wild animals in captivity. The tiger attack on Christmas day at San Francisco Zoo has raised many concerns about this issue this includes the Siberian tiger attack in 2006. Jack Hannah, a famous animal expert, hosts a T .V. show on PBS about animals. His opinion is "that if you cross a barrier in a NASCAR race and you get on the track you might get hurt" just like you can with animals. Many believe that keeping wild animals is very stressful. Some studies have shown that reintroducing animals into the wild doesn't always have a positive effect. These animals have a higher mortality rate because they are lacking the skills they need to survive in the wild , s uch as being able to catch food . I f they were born in captivity , then they are used to their food being thrown into the habitat for each meal. In the wild they actually have to hunt for their food. Adam Roberts, the vice president of an animal protection group, says that caged wild animals can pose danger to humans and other animals. He also says that caging wild animals doesn't have any educational value. His point is that wild animals are meant to be free. Captivity could aggravate them and cause them to attack, which could result in physical injury to the person or more importantly the animal. T here are also some beneficial points in keeping animals in captivity . It helps increase endangered animal's population numbers. They can do captive breeding or tag animals to monitor their progress and see how they are responding to the tag and then release them again. In captivity, animals can also get medical treatment for diseases or injuries that could be fatal if not treated.

DMB essays

DMB essays Imagine standing on a stage, overlooking 70 tiered rows in what is possibly the most beautiful amphitheater in the world. As Dave Matthews and his fellow band mates walk on stage, the crowd cheers wildly. You are at Red Rocks and the scene is set for the Dave Matthews Band. Red Rocks Amphitheater is located in Morrison, Colorado, 15 miles west of Denver. It provides seating for 9600, and has some of the best acoustics found anywhere on Earth. Since 1941 it has been home to many concerts and performers and is the perfect backdrop for a live performance. Recorded on August 15, 1995, "Live At Red Rocks 8.15.95" was created at the height of the bands musical talent and at the bottom step of their climb to fame. It was shows like this that left fans mesmerized by the funky, jazz-infused riffs that the band played. It is this kind of energetic and intimate live music that keeps the fans coming back. The members of the Dave Matthews Band (or DMB for short) are each very unique, especially i n the instruments that they play. This is what makes the band and its music really work. Dave Matthews provides lead vocals and acoustic guitar, Boyd Tinsley plays the violin, Stefan Lessard is on bass guitar, Leroi Moore blows the woodwinds, and Carter Beauford plays the drums. Matthews is a very talented musician. He provides very unique singing styles and an abstract, awkward ability to play the guitar. Tinsley plays the violin like no other. It is odd to find a band with a violin, but his talent forces it to work. Lessard, who joined the band when he was only 16, provides funky bass lines that fill in the empty spots. Leroi Moore plays flute, saxophone, and clarinet which mixed with modern instruments, create an odd combination of sounds, finally Carter Beauford, known for his excellent improvisational skills and perfect fill-ins, lights up the drums with a talent that few have. These five musicians joined together on the night of August 15,...

Research Inquiry for Managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research Inquiry for Managers - Essay Example The commonwealth should apply the same rules to alcoholic substances as they have become an issue of interest in the 21st century and this should be done alongside all support groups for effective games condition and proper tourism standards. The sponsorship directly affected the sports as the players received favors from the companies after competitions and this was through their products. Literature Review Introduction Former and current information on the issues states that Australia banned the advertisement of these substances during games for various reasons and since then there have been noticed developments in the field. First Issue One of the reasons as to doing this is that it was an encouraging factor to the abuse of tobacco. This not only stated for the players but also for the friends and closely related people to them. The implications of these advertisements were that the players could smoke tobacco substances such as cigarettes that would cloud their judgments during a game (Beyer, 2003, 57). Second Issue On the case of the fans and spectators, the advertisements were also a motivating factor. In this case, the issue was much further than speculated. This is because the fans could make their way into the stadium with the cigarettes and other tobacco substances and start using them without problem. ... Third Issue There was an increase in concern from the wives and husbands of the players. This they claimed is because the tobacco made them unhealthy and to some of the athletes, it had got to the extent of an addiction. This often kept the players in loggerheads with their spouses as they went through their activities. This issue was a very important one to observe and keep in mind. This is because of the standing theory that states that for a player to portray optimal performance in the field, concentration must be one hundred percent or rather distractions to a minimum. This could have been hard to uphold if the players were having family issues. It was very important to understand that the economic position was critical in the area. This is because as much as there was many accrued benefits from the funding, the players and participants did not actually benefit in any way. This was because it was very hard to focus on the games while thinking about the advantages later. The compa nies actually benefited in a large manner, this boosted their economic situations, and thus they were able to survive the various market issues witnessed. However, after the ban, it was very difficult for the companies to get back to their original conditions. It is very imperative to keep in mind that another issue that came up around that time was the high amount of social unstableness witnessed at the time. This was witnessed from the fact that many of the people and the participants in the game became used to taking the tobacco products. It is due to this that the players characteristically became addicts and kept on with the habit to a point where it became an abuse. The abuse of the products made them reluctant as they made major decisions in a careless

Outcome studies of a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention Essay

Outcome studies of a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention - Essay Example population, in any given year and women are twice as likely to be affected. Learning how to deal with anxiety requires management of the mind to handle things in proper order, and this is the emphasis of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). CBT treatment had been popularly used by many healthcare professionals, psychotherapists, and counselors in managing GAD and its efficiency had been proven in many clinical-based studies conducted by reliable researchers. To begin with, anxiety, according to the National Institute of Mental Health or NIMH (2011), is a normal reaction to stress. It helps the person cope with the different situations in life but once it becomes an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations, it has become a disabling disorder (NIMH, 2011). Among the five major types of anxiety disorders [Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Panic Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and Social Phobia (or Social Anxiety Disorder)] , GAD is the most common. GAD is a pattern of frequent, constant worry and anxiety over many different activities and events (Berger & Zieve, 2010). The main symptom, according to Berger and Zieve (2010), is the almost constant presence of worry or tension that lasts at least six months, disrupting daily activities even when there is little or no cause. Worries seem to float from one problem to another, such as family or relationship problems, work issues, money, health, and other problems. Other symptoms are difficulty concentrating, fatigue, irritability, problems falling or staying asleep, and sleep that is often restless and unsatisfying, and restlessness or feeling keyed up or "on the edge," often becoming startled very easily. Physical manifestations are muscle tension, shakiness, and headache (Berger & Zieve, 2010). Risk factors for GAD include gender, family history, genetic factor, substance abuse, medical conditions, socioeconomic and ethnic factors, depression, cultural f actors, and stressful events in susceptible people (Scholten, 2011). Moreover, treating anxiety disorders is an individualized approach but several standard approaches have proved effective. Treatment modalities include therapy [e.g. cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), interpersonal therapy (IPT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)], medication [e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), benzodiazepines, and tricyclic antidepressants] and complementary and alternative treatment (e.g. kava, acupuncture, and yoga) (Anxiety Disorders Association of America, 2011b). For the treatment of GAD, cognitive-behavioral therapy is claimed by many psychotherapists, counselors, and healthcare professionals as the most effective therapy. According to Bingaman (2007, p. 11), this is the clear treatment of choice with anxiety disorder becau se it meets the criteria that empirically supports the treatment for GAD. CBT is very useful in treating anxiety disorders because the cognitive part helps people change the thinking patterns that support their fears, and the behavioral part helps people change the way they react to anxiety-provoking situations (National Institute of Mental Disorders,

The Indian Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Indian Economy - Essay Example India was confronted with the worst possible food disasters in 1943 during the British rule. Food production was given a low priority by the British as a consequence of the hysteria which developed during the World War II. The existence of acute food shortage continued even after the British left India. Thus food security became on the issues of paramount importance on India’s agenda. This led to the Green Revolution and the emergence of various other legislative measures for ensuring that the Indian businessmen would never again hoard food for making profits (Teacher web, â€Å"Why Green Revolution?†). The period between 1967 and 1978 has been referred to as the period of Green Revolution. This primary aim was the achievement of food self sufficiency. It was a period of successful agricultural experiments in India. Thesis Statement India had famously been known as an agro-based economy which caters to the agricultural needs not only of its own nationals but of foreign nations as well. The climate and other ecological factors in India had been conducive for a variety of agricultural production even though a vulnerable one. During the post independence era, India decided to put a greater emphasis upon its agricultural segment where it had already enjoyed an edge. The sector performed in a commendable way during the first five-year plan phase but gave up to climatic irregularities 1950 onwards. The nation at that time had been in a pitiable state lacking ample food reserves as well as resources to import an abundant supply of the same. Hence, there had been little options left for the national government but to figure a permanent way-out of the same. It decided to modify the agricultural state of the nation through technological enhancements which could sustain not only the nation’s large population base but could also produce enough surpluses for export supplies. This led to a movement called Green Revolution which was characterised by sowin g of high yielding variety

The Motivational Issues Of Dominos Pizza

The Motivational Issues Of Dominos Pizza This project proposal is been undertaken to investigate the motivational issues of Dominos Pizza which is located on Queen Street, Auckland, New Zealand. This branch was made in the year of 2009. This research is tremendously valuable as it will provide an in depth detail of the source of the problem which is affecting Domino`s Pizza. This research will exactly pin point the root of the problem and according to the problem measurable decisions can be taken to resolve it. The research process I have used to gather primary data is a combination of both qualitative and quantitative research. Where firstly is questionnaires which I distributed a set of questions to all the low level management employees of the company. Secondly I conduced an interview with Ishwar Chawla who is positioned as a Shift Manger. Then I did a literature review by browsing the internet and gathering information from the company`s official website. Then finally while they were working I was observing them on how they work and perform. After identifying the problem I distributed the questionnaires to the staff members to get it filled where there are total 21 employees but only 10 forms came back to me from the 12 I sent. After gathering the crucial information such as the culture and how things work in Domino`s Pizza; which would help me in my research through literature review. Then I used Maslows Hierarchy of Needs as every person has different needs and they go from physiological or basics needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs and self-actualization. From the total number of workers which is 21 the most workers in the business are still on the physiological or safety needs as maximum number of employees are part-time workers from which only 3 of them are full time employees in that branch of Domino` Pizza. Which creates a factor of job security because if there had to be any redundancy the first employees to be layoff will be part-time workers which could be a major demotivating factor to the employees. Then there is a list of strengths and limitation explained about the study or research which I conducted. I have explained the methodology and the relevance using a management theory and I have used four instruments such as interview, questionnaires, literature and observation. The theory I have used is Douglas McGregors theory and I have also drawn up a fishbone diagram for lack of motivation (figure 3). The Primary research results summary is showing signs of motivational issues. There is a communication problem between employees. Then I analyze the data based on the questionnaire results the employees are concerned about the communication pattern that it should be done directly which means face to face rather than putting it on the notice board. Listed down possible solution and their possible consequences. Then I related Herzberg The Two Factor Theory with the findings which motivation and hygiene factors. In the conclusion and recommendation I suggested the possible solution to the problem such as being more democratic and let the employees put some input into the decision making process. To get rid of delays and shortage of resources I suggest to adopt the Just-In-Time concept. Which will avoid overstocking and will have fresh stocks and it will making the production process quicker and efficient. Introduction: Setting Of Project: This is a project proposal and is been carried out to investigate the motivational issues of Domino`s Pizza which is located on Queen Street, Auckland, New Zealand. This is a multinational company which is a fast food restaurant and this branch was established in the year 2009. Domino`s Pizza produces pizza and has an image of fast delivery of the pizza and has a variety of pizza. This company is established worldwide and has many branches in New Zealand. This particular branch is a franchise and it has a multi-divisional structure. It has a decentralized and they have bureaucratic decision-making. The structure will evolve over time with the changes in strategy, degree of diversification, geographic scope and the nature of competition. Research Problem: The major problem identified is Motivation. This is the factor that keeps the employees work efficiently and effectively. Motivation affects the operations or tasks carried out in the company. The company`s only way to be successful is by having a healthy staff which is well motivated and enthusiastic with their roles in the company. Motivation keeps employees active and be productive in the task they perform. I also have my personal interest to doing this assignment on my company. The Importance of this Research: This research is extremely valuable as it will give an in depth detail of the cause of the problem and find out the source of the demotivation which is affecting Domino`s Pizza. This research will exactly pin point the root of the problem and according to the problem measurable decisions can be taken to resolve it. Domino`s Pizza is linked with suppliers where they purchase the ingredients (raw materials) such as pizza base, chicken, pork and much more. Use it to makeup the pizza`s. The absence of motivation impedes the performance of the workforce and therefore they dont accomplish successfully in order to meet their goals to make as much as profit as possible.in this situation administration principles of management functions can be kept in place. These functions are as follows: Controlling Organizing Planning Coordination Commanding The above functions could be the solutions of the problem as they may bring in some positive results to the company in terms of performance and the motivational level of the crew. There can be certain reconstructive changes to gradually eliminate these problems which effects and accurate motivation for team to grow in the correct course. These minor problems need to be solved right now they become enormous and go out of control and lead to a destruction of the company if not taken immediate action. The Aim and Purpose of the Study: The aim of this research is to identify the common business problems which in this case is the motivational issues as it is affecting the company negatively. To keep the crew or workforce highly motivated and keep on training them with new skills which will improve productivity. Also motivate them on an individual level to help them accomplish their personal and company goals or aims. To apply and relate motivation theories to the staff or employees and make production efficient. The aim of this research is to identify the problem, solve it and improve on it. To find out the reasons behind the problem which is causing it. Methodology: Research Process Used to Gather Primary Data: The methods I used to collect information is by four methods and I have combination of both combination of qualitative and quantitative research which means there is both numerical values and statistics and depth understanding of behavior and why they tend to behave in that manner? Firstly was the questionnaires where I kept 10 set of questions and distributed between the 12 employees but I received back only 10 questionnaires filled. This was to see the satisfaction level of the employees with various aspects of the company affecting their work and life. This will show if the company is following the rules and regulations such a minimum wage and maximum number of hours the employees are lead to work. Secondly is the interview which was conducted with the Shift Manager of the Domino`s Pizza Branch on 5/205 Queen Street. The name of the manager is Ishwar Chawla and he is working in Domino`s Pizza since last 4 years. I asked him a different questions but these questions where no completely fixed as it was an interview. They would change according to the answer of the manager. Thirdly is that I used secondary data or literature review which was using the internet to get some details of the company`s goals, missions and values. Such as going to the official website of the company which is (http://www.dominospizza.co.nz/) to have some information about the company. Lastly is through observation. I watched how the employees working coordinating and looking at tasks which they were performing. I agree this method is not that accurate compare to others as the employees make act differently if someone is observing. I did ask a few questions face to face to the workers (unpretentious questions). SWOT Analysis: Domino`s Pizza Strength: Location: it is located in the CBD which attracts maximum number of customers. Brand Name/ Image: it is a multinational company therefore it is well known and well established and does not to get established. Financial: as they are well established and have high revenue they do not have to borrow money to invest in its company for expansion. It will insource and does not require outsourcing to be done. Technology: they have new technology and equipment to make pizza quicker and of better quality. Offers: new offers or innovative various pizza flavors are being launched to maintain their sales. Weakness: Customer Service: they sometimes do not deliver the pizza in time as specified. Demotivation: the staff is not motivated so they are not working efficiently. Allocation of Resources: resources are not allocated or not put together properly. They run out of resources or toppings which delays the delivery time. Opportunities: New types of pizza or flavors are being launched. Low price compared to the competitors prices. Bringing in new products such as Lava cake and muffins. Threats: Competition: competitors of Domino`s Pizza such as Pizza Hut Hells Pizza. Environment: the working environment is not satisfying. The kitchen is not well managed. Information about the Size of the Sample Population and Its Adequacy: After identifying the problem I distributed the questionnaires to the staff members to get it filled where there are total 21 employees but only 10 forms came back to me from the 12 I sent. This means 83.33% of adequacy sampling size was received of the employees received and the rest 2 forms were not given back. This took a lot of time due to tight schedules. Figure Pie Chart What do the employees feel about the working conditionStatistical Techniques: According to the questionnaires it shows that most of the staff voted for the number 4. Which means that they feel it is good which is 60% in percentage.no one kept 1 nor 5 as their rating. 30% of the employees rated 3 and 10% rated 2. This means only small percentage of the employees are demotivated from the factor of working condition. The mode is 4 as it appeared the most. Literature Review: After having a detailed view of the website of Domino`s Pizza (http://www.dominospizza.co.nz/corporate/inside/InsideDominos.aspx). I found out about their vision, mission, food safety and many more crucial information about it which would help me in my research. It explains its culture and how things work in Domino`s Pizza. Figure Maslows Hierarchy of NeedsI will be using Maslows Hierarchy of Needs as every person has different needs and they go from physiological or basics needs going upwards towards self-actualization. Most employees in the company are still on the physiological or safety needs as most these employees are part-time workers. Only 3 employees are full time employees in that branch of Domino` Pizza. Therefore job security is not really there because if there was cost cutting to take place then the part-time employees will be the first ones to be layoff. Which implies that the employees are not motivated and they are always looking for another job and they are sticking to this job just to satisfy their basic needs.C:Usersishant1000DownloadsMaslow_Needs_Hierarchy.jpg Once the employees have satisfied their basic needs which is food, shelter then they would make sure that their job is secured. If they are assured that their jobs will not be lost and the company needs them then they will move towards social needs. Which means making new friends getting along with colleagues and working as a team together which will solve the problem of delayed producing and delivering to the customer. Working together to meet the target faster than expected and receive incentives from the hard work deployed into the work through team work. Then they go for esteem needs which is recognition, reputation and attention any many more. Then finally is self-actualization where he or she wants more responsibilities and wants everyone to trust him or her. Strengths and Limitations of the Study: Strengths: The people who are working are very cooperative and are taking out time to fill up the questionnaires I handed them. The manager had given me access for a week and I could come at any time for doing my research which gives enough time to finish my research easily. As some of my friends work in this company it is easier for me to take crucial and detailed information for the research. As the company is not huge so the information collection section is done very quickly. This means less time wasted. Limitations: Not all the employees are available at the same time as they all have different shifts and different times they come to work for. Which makes data collection more time usual. The manager is not always available. During observation people where acting differently as they knew that they are being watched. Which may have given misleading results. Not all information was exposed or shown to me and was kept close. Methodology and its Relevance Using Management Theory: I have used four instruments such as interview, questionnaires, literature and observation. I gave the questionnaires to the 12 employees working in the small branch of the Domino`s Pizza on Queens Street in which I received 10 questionnaires out of 12 back. Then I did a personal interview with Ishwar Chawla and before doing these two I did an internet research over Domino`s Pizza product range and offers. Then while they were working I was observing them of how they were performing their tasks and I would ask some simple and quick queries or questions while they were working. Figure Fishbone DiagramFigure 3: Fishbone Diagram for lack of Motivation I will be using Douglas McGregors theory according to my research Theory X matches or fits in well. The managers of Domino`s pizza leans towards more upon theory X then Y. This means there less participation of employees and more authorization. Where the workers would try to avoid work and be very lazy and do not want any responsibilities thus they have to be pushed to work for them to work or perform efficiently. This shows that the employees are highly demotivated. The manager is of a Theory X. Figure McGregor Theory X and YFigure 4: McGregor Theory X and Y:C:Usersishant1000Downloadstheory_x_y.gif According to the plan I reviewed the information from the internet and the surveys and according to the plan I had to take at least 5 questionnaires and I have done total 10 and I performed the interview as well and even the observation process. I had a time period of only a week and the plan was of 5 weeks. I managed to undertake all the tasks in 6 days as they were very cooperative and helpful with my research. This boosted my data collection for my research as I did it 4 weeks earlier which gave me more time to analysis the problem in hand and figuring out how to solve it. The relevance of the business problem which maybe lack of motivation could be solved through this research. This could also increase the productivity of the company and become more efficiently. If they have any time management issues; then that issue could be amended by my research result. This could also give solutions of keeping the organizations employees efficient and this means less resources wasted and all the resources will be allocated. The organization will get an idea of how to motivate the employees. This means they will find out the motivation factor. This will help to improve your output and that will increase your profit as the expenses reduced. This research will help the managers to better understand their employees and makes it easy for managing the workers more efficiently. Results and Discussion: Primary Research Results Summary: The study is showing signs of motivational issues. There is a communication problem between employees and there is more of autocratic leadership taking place which means no interaction and contribution in the decision making process. They simply just have to follow orders which could be a problem. They have recently renovated the place and they have made it smaller then before which is making the work place small and uncomfortable. Keeping the employees demotivated as the working environment is unpleasant. Some employees are really working hard but they are not being recognized as they are supposed to. The employees are not told or informed about the long term plans; they are only told about the short-term. The employees are not being recognized for their job well done and the manager is not satisfied with the performance of the workers. There is only one way communication which means no contribution of the employees to the businesses decision making process. This will make them feel invaluable and unwanted by the company which can lead serious demotivation and reduce productivity and quality of the production. This would keep the labor turnover high. Analysis of Data: Based on the questionnaire results the employees are concerned about the communication pattern that it should be done directly which means face to face rather than putting it on the notice board. They also prefer to have a bigger work place so that they can freely move. They also complained about the cleaning procedure as the work place gets very dirty. They clean every 2 hours. They want the company to Introduce some new vegetarian pizza`s for the vegetarian customers. The employees should be given more staff discount as they are working for the company. This will make them feel that they belong somewhere and they will motivated and become more productive which may improve the performance and sales of the branch. Possible Solution: There are particular things which motivates them such as good aptitude and a larger and comfortable place to work at. The management ways must be modified at ground level. A lot of importance is required for smooth communication process. They should get a bigger working place. There should introduce some tangible incentives and appreciation for the work will done of the employee. Possible Consequences: More services will rise costs but as they will get motivated and work more efficiently which will increase profits. This means in the long-term it will be beneficial. They should provide some training to the workers so that they can become more effective. This means it will reduce the time consumption and become specialized in their work. Herzberg The Two Factor Theory: Where there is a motivation factor and hygiene factors. Motivation factors such as achievement should be recognized so that the employee is willing to perform again as he will be recognized for his work well done. They should provide responsibilities to the employees so that they feel valuable and let them give some input in the decision making process. Some employees are working very hard and not being recognized so they should award him or her by giving incentives or give promotion and this will provide personal and position growth. The hygiene factors are factors which have a big role in motivating the staff as it links the business and the employees together. The manager should have interpersonal skills so that they have good interpersonal relationship with the employees. If the employees are supervised they tend to work harder that is why collecting information through observation is not always accurate. The positive factor with Domino`s Pizza according to the employees is that the salary or pay rate per hour is good but many complaint that they work extra hours when you have to close the restaurant and they do not get any extra pay for the hours worked which can lead to demotivated staff. But the staff who closes the restaurant can take the extra pizza`s left. Conclusion Recommendation: After the methodology, the results discussion the problem has been identified and in his I will provide the possible solutions to overcome the problem. These problems have been identified and confirmed by the interview, questionnaire and observation. The manager does not provide the long term plans which they should provide. They should provide both short-term and long-term plans so that the employees know what is going on in the company. The employees need to be motivated so that the use their full potential as the managers want. The manager does not give any tangible awards or incentives. He should give a gift even if it is small but that gift will be valuable for the employee as it will be an appreciation token. The manager should not only see the performance, he should also see the effort he or she is putting in her work and appraise the employee foe the employee. There is no much contribution of staff because the orders come from top level management and those instructions need to be followed; in this case they have to bring in some involvement as they may provide very good ideas to the company and they we fell wanted by the company which will increase their confidence the way they work. Training should be provide regularly so that the employees are productive all the time and resources are not wasted. This will be beneficial as they employees will become multi-tasking. The purpose of this research is to overcome the problems which are affecting the performance and this research is mainly based on the motivational factors which is one of the major part of productivity. If the employees are not motivated then they will not put any effort in their work and this can lead to low quality production. Where quality control is concerned new equipment are needed and this will reduce wastage and utilize resources efficiently. Staff should be provided with annual bonus and appraise them for their work well done. The manager should have a good relationship with the employees to know the employees needs and keep constant communication between the manager and the low level management. The manager should constantly give targets to his subordinates and give some responsibilities so that they would work for it as if it is their own business. They should be trained constantly to inherit them with new techniques and tactics to perform the tasks and try to keep rotation on the tasks so that they do not get bored of doing the same task again and again. They should throw an annual party for the staff as an appreciation of the effort put into their work. This will keep them happy and maintain positive environment around the working place. The problems should be prioritize; the ones which require instant or immediate attention should be solved such as paying extra pay for the extra hours they work for when closing the restaurant and get bigger kitchen and place for the customers sit and have their pizza`s. the employees should be recognized for their hard work. They should adopt the Just-in-time. Is a production strategy that attempts to develop a business return on investment by reducing in-process inventory and associated carrying costs. To meet JIT objectives, the process relies on signals between diverse points in the process, which tell production when to make the following part. They should apply just in time as this will increase the speed of production of pizza`s and the problem of running out of toppings or resources on pit time will be solved because just before the resources finish the next batch will come in. This will reduce the time wasted in waiting for the resources. This will improve the delivery time and keep the customers satisfied. This will reduce congestion which is created at lunch time and weekends. They should expand the work place and get more employees because when there is a lot of customers it becomes very difficult to make the pizza as they are understaff. They should employee more full time workers so that they can supply the demand completely. References ^ Herzberg, F.I. 1987, one more time: How do you motivate employees? Harvard Business Review, Sep/Oct87, Vol. 65 Issue 5, p109-120 (note: the reference to sales numbers is in the abstract written by the editors.) ^ Feder, B.J. 2000, F.I. Herzberg, 76, Professor and Management Consultant, New York Times, Feb 1, 2000, pg. C26. Available from: ProQuest Historical Newspapers the New York Times (1851 2003). [October 28, 2006]. ^ Herzberg, Frederick (1959), The Motivation to Work, New York: John Wiley and Sons, ISBN 978-1-56000-634-3 Domino`s Pizza referred from http://www.dominospizza.co.nz/corporate/inside/InsideDominos.aspx Just In Time JIT. (n.d). Retrieved from Investopedia: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/j/jit.asp#axzz25LU9aWVZ

Super Leadership and Creativity Potential :: Business, Super Leadership Approach

Research Objectives The body of the literature on management and leadership primarily concentrate on the vibrant nature of the common organization. This paper augments the abundantly available literature on leadership studies for organizations. The minor intentions of this paper is to generate an forward motion that will induce other academics and scholars to focus on the topic of leadership at a much wider level having more comprehensive objectives in mind. The main focus would be to explore the link between super leadership behavior and creative potential through idea generation for an innovative and creative culture within organization. Research Questions The research questions in this case are presented as follows: 1. What is the relationship between super leadership and creativity potential? 2. How super leadership provoke an employee to perform at its best level? REVIEW OF LITERATURE Why to shift from traditional leadership to Super-Leadership? Super-leadership, sometimes also called as â€Å"Self-Leadership†, may be defined as the strategy to lead others is hidden in by leading oneself (Manz & Sims, 2001). The main difference between traditional leadership management concept and Super-Leadership is the main focus on followers rather than leader itself, and especially the belief of improving follower’s capacity to lead who are effective self-leaders. Therefore, concisely, super-leadership is the way of leading others to lead themselves. As argued (Sims & Manz, 1996), for super leadership behavior to be implemented, a leader has to adopt 10 most significant shifts from traditional approach of leadership in order to move towards super leadership approach are as follows:- 1. The leader helps out the team members/group to switch from external observation to self-observation. 2. The focus is on moving from designated goals to goals that are self developed. 3. Organic control is exercised by team/group members’ i.e. external reinforcement for task performance changes in to internal reinforcement with an addition of external reinforcement for self-leadership behaviors. 4. Leadership prefer to motivation techniques not only based on external compensation but also based on the natural rewards associated with work. 5. The leader shifts the group to focus on self criticism rather than external criticism from the organization, which often creates bad impact upon team/group members. 6. There is a move from external problem solving towards self-problem solving techniques. 7. There is a shift from external job assignments to self-job assignments. 8. Leadership moves from external planning to self planning and from external task design to self-design of tasks at step eight. 9. Any problem or issue arises should be treated as an opportunity instead of threat by the group/team members.

Washington’s Precedents Established

Holding office from for a courageous eight years from 1789 to 1797, George Washington was one of the most significant presidents of all time. His other famous name is the â€Å"Founding Father† of the United States of America; He enforced the maximum amount of terms to two. When he promoted guidelines for the United States leader, his beliefs and visions were accepted as his guidelines have stayed over the years and some differed over the centuries such as the foreign policies and the political policies applied similarly. Some of Washington’s appliances have yet to differentiate from the past as they are still applied.Document A states two important factors: government power and its proper usage. The government utilizes its limited powers. Document A states †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦so many checks and efficacious restraints to prevent it from degenerating to any specious of oppression. † Washington acknowledges the facts that the government cannot corrupt the balance and chec ks system. Document D elaborates on the basis of the Embargo Act, which proved beneficial. The Embargo Act explains how taxation is a requirement for society, with all imports, exports, and shipping.Document D by President Thomas Jefferson states â€Å"undelegated powers its acts are unauthoritative, void, and of no force†. Jefferson believes that if the government will become more enforcing if they do not have the balance and checks system. They would have to do all that is necessary. If the government had enforced all necessities, there would have been no possibility for certain aspects of the political world There were many aspects that continue, as Washington would have wanted and some that didn’t. The process is handled today of the draft; Document G mentions the first concept of the topic.The draft is the sending of people to the military/army. Sometimes the draft was necessary especially if a war was to come about, but it somewhat belittled the freedom to a cert ain amount. One of the things that had gone wrong against Washington’s proposals is stated in Document I. Document I speaks about the Monroe Doctrine. The Monroe Doctrine basically states how The United States of America should not intervene with foreign battles and side with any European power. The Monroe Doctrine secures the United States because if the U. S would interfere, there is a possibility of battle that can evidently lead to war.Unfortunately history had repeated itself as the government decided to do what they feel and intervene in the Vietnam War (which really had nothing with the U. S. ). Some of the aspects Washington influenced have changed over the centuries. Document B states, â€Å"it is our policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world†, America, unfortunately, has formed relationships and alliance with European worlds. Document F shows how foreign connections can lead to betrayal or cruelty. The British had main tained the American ships and even violated some.All these foreign issues led to the War of 1812 between the British and the Americans. This settled the issues between America and Britain and fortunately settled possible future issues. â€Å"The baneful effects of the spirit of party generally. †, states Document B. In his Farewell Address, Washington believes if there are a separation and formation of different parties, new issues and corruption would occur. In reality, the formation of different parties promotes acceptance of new interrelated ideas. Washington proposed ideas that have been continued and have been overruled.He believed that the United States should separate from any European nation. He believed there should have been no formation of separate parties, which actually has changed over the centuries for positive reasons. Washington believed the government should be limited yet satisfied under the balances and checks system, and so they have been over the years. America has â€Å"repeated history† as they ignore the Monroe Doctrine by fighting with European Alliances. Washington was a smart man; his ideas were accepted, proposed, accepted, ignored and changed.

The Question of the Grotesque in the Film essays

The Question of the Grotesque in the Film essays By definition, the word grotesque refers to those distorted forms that are strange, ugly, bizarre, or fantastic in their appearance (Wikipedia 1). The grotesque also refers to aspects of life that repel, horrify, and cause strong feelings of disgust or repulsion. When watching Volker Schlondrffs film The Tin Drum, the viewer is forced to look at a number of images that can easily be described as grotesque in nature. These images are often linked to sexual and consumptive acts throughout the film, but no image is more grotesque than the fantastical protagonist Oskar Matzerath, the boy who consciously decides at age three to stop growing. As Oskar leads the viewer through his familys history with the backdrop of Germanys own history before, during, and after the Third Reich, he remains a character both sympathetic and repulsive to the audience. Indeed, the film itself estranges the viewer through its grotesqueness, while at the same time containing very basic, human elements in its sto rytelling. This use of the grotesque, specifically the fantastic figure of Oskar, promotes the themes of ambiguity and estrangement throughout the film. It also raises questions about the reality of those who lived under, and in the shadows of, the Third Reich. The film begins with a shot of a woman, Oskars grandmother, in a potato field, about to hide Oskars future grandfather under her skirts in order to prevent his imminent police capture. The protagonist Oskar, who also narrates, tells the viewer, ich beginne [die Geschichte] weit vor mir (Tin Drum). Though narrated by Oskar, the storys beginning comes even before the birth of its protagonist, with the bizarre and rape-like consummation of Oskars mother Agnes. The scene does not succeed in drawing the viewer into the story; rather, it is more effective in startling the viewer and c...

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Why I Dislike Popular Kids Essay Free Online Research Papers Remember when you were young, in middle school, and there were all these preps? Well, I have a problem with the preps in my school. First of all, I have always wanted to be popular throughout my whole life. I have tried so hard to become popular, and nothing that Ive tried has worked at all. All of the preps in my school think that theyre better than everyone else, and they think that theyre the hottest things in the world. Well, theyre not. And most of them tell me that Im weird, that I need to get a life, and that I need to get better friends. Ive tried to get better friends, but I guess the only kind of friends Ill ever have are skanks. Second of all, most preps wont like you unless youre in a sport or youre totally gorgeous. Besides the girls being popular, there are guys that are popular too. Boys, now if there is a blonde girl that is popular, of course, they are going to want to date them. Boys think theyre all cool too just because they play football or baseball. Some are cool and nice, but most of them are jerks. If youre not popular, theres no point in trying hard to be popular, because it isnt going to get you anywhere. Thirdly, the clothing. Preps wear clothes like Aeropostale, Hollister, AbercrombieFitch, and American Eagle. If you wear these brands of clothing, theyll think youre cool. I wear Aeropostale and Hollister clothes sometimes, too, and yet, Im still not popular. But wearing these brands of clothing doesnt make you who you really are. They just make you look like a total prep. They have their moments though, too. Sometimes, when Im talking to one of the popular kids in one of my classes, at first, theyll listen, but then theyll stare off into space and dont even pay half attention to what youre saying. In conclusion, I learned that popularity isnt going to get you anywhere in life. All it does is just make you a total snob, and nobody wants to be around a total snob, especially me. I also learned that I dont need to be popular to have cool friends or a hot boyfriend. All I need is to have a nice personality and be friendly, and then Id get more friends. But preps are snobs and I just dont feel like wasting my time on them. Research Papers on Why I Dislike Popular Kids EssayYear Round SchoolingLogic and Perception EssayContrasting Berthe Morisot and Jan van EyckCo-Educational vs. Single Sex SchoolsHistory of Rap Music EssayFalse AdvertisingIslamic Fundamentalism Replaces CommunismEffects of Advertising EssayDigital Marketing Mix Google EssayProbation Officers

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Global Perspectives Mid-term Memo - Assignment Example 1) The rising Human Development Index (UNDP Report, 2010) a) A recent UNDP report published in 2010 has identified a rise in the index of human development for Belarus. i) Human Development Index (HDI) is an internationally accepted measure of national development. It assesses health, income, education and some other trends for a country. ii) The recent rise is not sudden and the country is steady moving up in the ladder.HDI has risen from 0.619 to 0.624 in 2010. iii) The country is categorized as a country with High Human Development in this report which means a developed country. b) We can assume following from the HDI rise; i) Higher buying power at consumer level. ii) Higher level service expectations from the consumers. iii) Belarus social indicators are satisfactory and if these trends continue to flourish there are bright chance of business in this country. iv) Encouraging business environment. 2) Belarus’s Economic Environment a) A Highly industrialized state with many features of planned economy. i) A country with a Gross National Income (GNI) per capita of US$ 1,590. ii) A decline in Belarus GDP was observed in 2009 as it dropped to US$ 48.984007391 billion from US$ 60.7634483146 billion of 2008 and was ranked 70th in the world. iii) A net inflow of foreign direct investment was declared to be US$ 1.8844 billion. (World Bank, 2011) b) A strict control government over the prices and private enterprises makes the business environment difficult for foreign investors. i) Rigorous government inspections to ensure policy compliance. ii) A higher frequency of policy and business regulation changes. iii) An overall restrictive business environment. iv) A strict control government over the prices and private enterprises makes the business environment difficult for foreign investors. (Economy Watch, 2011) c) Our recommendation from business point of view are as follows; i) Government should move towards market driven economy ii) State control over privat e enterprises should be reviewed and removed iii) Competitive business environment should be provided to business community iv) Tax free and investment friendly policies should be introduced to support direct foreign investment. 3) Belarus’s Political Environment a) Belarus had declared its independence in 1994. It is presidential republic, governed by the President Alexander Lukashenko, the National Assembly and a Council of the Republic. The President is ruling the country for last sixteen years and has got legitimacy through controversial referendum process. Most of the Western powers have termed the rule of Lukashenko as a dictatorship. i) Human rights violations are witnessed commonly. ii) Several opposition parties exist but are strictly suppressed in the country. iii) However, government controlled Belarusian telegraph agency declared the political situation in the country as ‘calm’ in a recent survey. (Belta, 2010). b) We suggest following political steps in Belarus; i) Restoration of true democracy ii) More political freedom to the masses, particularly suppressed opposition parties iii) Respect of human right at all level of the society iv) Frees press and media policies Under these circumstances business operations in Belarus does not suits

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The Benefits and Downsides of Intermingling Languages Essay Example for Free

The Benefits and Downsides of Intermingling Languages Essay While bilingualism has always been an object of interest and thorough research for scientists of various fields, mixing languages had been, until the last few decades, cast aside as its defective by-product. However, recent linguistic studies show that intermingling languages should not be considered an ill-conceived overlapping tendency that implies carelessness and a improper use of language, but a linguistic phenomenon with its own intricate rules and purposes. The addition of objectivity towards this subject has enabled linguists to describe in length the downsides and benefits of intermingling languages. None of the pros and cons can be treated with absolute certainty as language mixing itself is often subject to different interpretations. The term ‘intermingling languages’ is sometimes replaced with ‘code switching’ or ‘code mixing’, and the latter two treated as synonyms, although their meaning differs in multiple aspects. Code switching implies that the alternation between languages takes place after longer periods of time. Since code-switch mostly occurs at a clause or sentence boundary, it is referred to as intersential switching. According to the Sridhar brothers (1980) code mixing comprises of changing languages after shorter utterances within a single sentence, and can therefore be considered intrasential. Unlike code switching, it is not accompanied by a shift in speech situation. Code mixing also differs from borrowing, which is a less comprehensive form of using multiple languages in a short period of time. Code mixing, unlike borrowing, is not necessarily caused by a lexical gap in the host language. Neither are the mixed elements limited to a collection of terms accepted by the speech community. The mixed sequences are longer than single words (as is immanent to borrowing), but they are not always assimilated into the base language according to usual grammatical rules. The greatest difference of the two linguistic devices is probably the fact that code mixing is inevitably the result of bilingualism, however, borrowing can also occur in monolingual speech. (Sridhar Sridhar 1980) Despite the availabilty of aforementioned precise definitions numerous studies use code/language switching, mixing and intermingling synonymously without notable deficiency in the results, since these definitions tend to not hold a high level of importance when it comes to analysing the reasons, benefits and downsides of mixing languages. Contrary to popular belief, code mixing is not necessarily a sign of improperly acquired languages or inability to switch from bilingual to monolingual mode. Instead, the contradicticting mixing occurs when the usage of a single language no longer efficiently conveys meaning that is appropriate to a certain situation. According to Crystal (1987 cited in Rezaei Gheitanchian 2008) the benefits of code-switch become apparent when solving co mmunication problems in three types of situations. The most obvious reason for a switch in languages being the difficulty in expressing oneself due to a deficiency in the base language. This shortage of a lexical item may come about because the expressed concept has no equivalent in the culture of the other language, or simply because of a momentary inability to remember said term in the host language. This type of code switching is especially prone to happen when the speaker is upset, tired or distracted in some manner. Work related mixing also falls into the ‘lexical gap’ category. For example, code switching becomes a useful tool when individuals lack the appropriate jargon while speaking about a particular topic. One may mix languages when talking about work because the technical terms associated with work are only known in one language. The second important cause in switching is the wish to ensure social belonging. An individual my want to express solidarity with a particular social group. In this case rapport is established between the speaker and the listener if the latter responds with a similar switch. Code mixing may also be used to exclude people from a conversation: for example, when travelling companions switch to their native language when mentioning things they do not wish to convey to the surrounding people; or when bilingual parents mix languages to keep their monolingual children from understanding private conversations. Thirdly, the reason for switching may be result of the wishing to convey one’s attitude towards the listener. Whereas monolinguals can express attitudes by means of variation in the level of formality in their speech, bilinguals have an extra device in this situation – code switching. When two bilinguals are accustomed to communicating in a fixed language, switching to the other is thought to create a special effect. This idea suggests that code switching can be used as a socio-linguistic tool, that aids bilinguals to emphasi se a particular point in a sentence. While these benefits have been pointed out only during the last few decades of language studies, the downsides of code switching have always been an emphasised parallel to bilingualism research. The most common allegations have been the inability to fully comprehend either language; delays in thinking, speaking and understanding; language pollution and deterioration. The notion that intermingling languages is a results of insufficient knowledge of either of the languages, their grammatical structures and syntax, can be dismissed with the aid of the Equivalence Constraint by Poplack: â€Å"Codeswitches will tend to occur at points in discourse where juxtaposition of L1, and L2 elements does not violate a syntactic rule of either language, i.e., at points around which the surface structures of the two languages map onto each other.† (1979 cited in Sridhar Sridhar 1980). This means that when the two languages have very different syntactical rules, the mixing is done in a way tha t switches occur in those parts of the sentence that allow the presence of a foreign word without causing grammatical discrepancies. However, when this is not possible the following principle of linguistics minimises the incongruity of the situation: â€Å"Dual Structure Principle: the internal structure of the guest constituent need not conform to the constituent structure rules of the host language, so long as its placement in the host sentence obeys the rules of the host language. † (Sridhar Sridhar 1980) Another problem associated with intermingling is the claimed time delay that occurs in switching. However, Gollan and Ferreira (2009) suggest that bilinguals switch languages only when non-dominant language responses are easily accesible and the switching does not occur with the price of accuracy, or if the switches improve accuracy. Furthermore, if the switches are not forced, bilinguals can actually make up for some of the costs linked with language mixing, including the small costs in time. The uncertainties that bilinguals experience when expressing emotions can also be considered a problematic asp ect of language mixing. The common belief that emotions conveyd in the mother tongue have the most strength and sincereness, implies that code switching somehow lessens the truthfulness of one’s emotions. In contrast, Grosjean (2008) points out that the notion of bilinguals always expressing their emotions in their first language is a myth. The opposite can be true when a childhood in one language lacked affection or had an abundance of distressing events – in that case, the second language may be used more often as it has stronger reaffirming emotional tones. Despite the emergence of the previous pattern, there are instances where a person might benefit more from using an emotionally less-dominating language. For example, code switching is sometimes strategically used in psychological counseling. This can be accounted to the usefulness of speaking in a second language when trying to distance oneself from emotional events. Language switching becomes a defence mechanism because of usaging a language that is not associated with such a broad range of emotions (often L2). (Altarriba Santiago Riviera 1994 as cited in Altarriba, Heredia 2001). Language mixing is an important aspect of bilingualism, and a natural occurence the conversations of bilinguals. Some linguists see it as a polluting factor which indicates the lack of language proficiency. This notion is supported by findings alike the apparent delays that switching has shown to occasionally cause in speech formation and comprehension. The claim of language mixing resulting in improper use of syntax has been counteracted with proving the well-formed and grammatically correct unwritten rules of code switching. Therefore, most of the downsides of code mixing have either not found enough proof or are minimised by counteractive processes. Analysing the reasons for language mixing has enabled us to point out its benefits. Intermingling may be induced by a simple lack of a lexical term, the need to build rapport with a fellow bilingual, a wish to restrict the conversation from surrounding monolinguals or the necessity to convey a different tone or opinion towards what is being expressed. When the problemic conditions that triggered code switching are solved this linguistic devices proves its usefulness. Keeping these notions in mind, it is easy to agree with practitioners, who despite some downsides, see language mixing as an inevitable linguistic occurance that enhances communication rather than decreasing its quality. Intermingling strengthens the content and the essence of the message, thus becoming an important social funtion of communicating. References Altarriba, J. and Santiago-Rivera, A.L. 1994. Current perspectives on using linguistic and cultural factors in counseling the Hispanic client. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 25, 388–397. Altarriba, Jeanette and Heredia, Roberto R. 2001. Bilingual Language Mixing: Why Do Bilinguals Code-Switch? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10: 15, 164-168. Crystal, D. 1987. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. Gollan, Tamara H. and Ferreira, Victor S. 2008. Should I stay or should I switch? A cost-benefit analysis of voluntary language switshing in young and aging bilinguals. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 35: 3, 640-665. Grosjean, Francois. 2008. Studying Bilinguals. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Poplack, S. 1979. Sometimes I’ll start a sentence in Spanish y termino en Espanol: Toward a typology of codeswitching. Linguistics, 18: 7-8, 581-618. Rezaei, Seyyed Hassan Seyyed and Gheitanchian, Mehrnaz. 2008. E-proceedings of the International Online Language Conference (IOLC), 61-67. Sridhar, S.N. and Sridhar, Kamal K. 1980. The Syntax and Psycholynguistics of Bilingual Code Mixing. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 34: 4, 407-416.