Human Services Practice Framework

SWK141A MODULE THREE LEARNING ACTIVITY DUE 12/04/13 think about the following three broad practice contexts 1. Remote areas health policy at the national level 1. The practice context is at the macro practice level 2. The practice method in this context would be Social policy 3. The Target population includes people living in remote locations. 4. The practice approach chosen is the radical, structural and critical approach due to the focus of social action being on the system, and the outcomes on broad social change at a structural level.Chenoweth & McAuliffe ( 2008) state that the radical and structural approaches align with the social model of disability barriers create disability through social and environmental issues. therefore, change is made possible through policy and legislation affecting the whole of the remote regions. 5. Five ways further knowledge could be generated include : 1) Procedural knowledge: finding relevant legislation and policy, and promoting and engaging in actions aligned with current requirements. ) Empirical data: Collection of data from hospitals and other healthcare clinics throughout the regions. 3) Theoretical knowledge. relating to the policy outcomes 4) Practice wisdom: applied from knowledge acquired from previous experience. 5) Professional knowledge : Knowledge stemming from theoretical practice guidelines. 2. Individual counselling for gambling addiction. 1. The practice context is at the micro practice level 2. The practice method in this context would be Direct practice with individuals 3.The target population is individuals with gambling addictions. 4. A practice approach using Cognitive Behavioural Therapy may be beneficial because the target of therapy is on thinking and behavior change. It is believed that thoughts create emotions which drive behaviour, so with the focus on changing the thought process, emotional and behavioural changes can result (Gerald and Gerald, 2009). 5. Five different ways of generating knowle dge in this practice context are: 1) Practice wisdom including the use of previous systemic reflection. ) Personal reflection on how each session is progressing. 3) Empirical research from research in gambling and addictions, data and other resource information, . 4) Observation: from other practitioners. 5) Theoretical knowledge. 3. Community development to strengthen social networks in Katherine, NT. 1. The practice context is at the mezzo practice level 2. The practice method in this context would be community work 3. The target population is the people living within the Katherine, NT region. 4.A practice approach is systems and ecological perspectives because this approach is from the perspective of people interacting with different parts of their environment making it applicable for developing community development solutions. As well focus can be on improving systems within the community because this approach looks at the various systems and how they relate to each other (Cheno weth & McAuliffe. 2008). 5. Knowledge can be generated via: 1) Theoretical knowledge: theories previously shown to have positive outcomes for community development. ) Empirical knowledge: derived from statistical data on what areas are in greater need for development as well as numerous other areas of information required. 3) Procedural Knowledge: policy and legislation information is crucial to the projects outcomes in a broader context. 4) Professional knowledge: 5) Practice wisdom. REFERENCES Chenoweth, L. & McAuliffe, D. (2008). The Road to Social Work & Human Service Practice. South Melbourne, VIC: Cengage Learning. Gerald, D. & Gerald, K. (2009). Basic Personal Counselling. French Forrest, NSW: Pearson Education Australia.

Report

David Chicago, special thanks for believing in this project from the start to this far. Cannot forget my second supervisor, Mr.. Sammie. You have been a great role model to me throughout my course. Thank you for your support. I bestow your guidance and encouragement above and beyond the call of duty. I'm indebted to my family for all their support. May the grace of the Lord Jesus be with you, my love to all of you in Christ Jesus, Amen. Very special thanks also to all my classmates and my friends Pascal, Antonym and Denis for expert advice and ‘the cold hard truth' over the project idea.Abstract The way notices are being communicated in various organizations is turning digital as opposed to the traditional method of sticking posters all-over. This is implemented best with the use of the thriving mobile technology where authorized people can receive notices in their mobile phones via Short Message Service (SMS), email or notifications on their social network accounts. However, a great number of organizations have not yet realized this application of technology and are still working on traditional platforms such as posters, messengers etc.This is largely because of lack of a platform that meets the needs of both organizations as well as individuals with regard to communication of notices. Also, in most of these organizations, the notice board system(s) has had various problems such as: congestion of outdated information such that one cannot locate useful information easily; some notices are plucked down/removed before every intended person has had a chance to read them etc.This project aims at offering a solution to overcome the current desperate approaches through developing an electronic notice board system to help organizations such as Mom university communicate their notices effectively. The distinctive features of the end-system will convey the deployment of CIT and its implications within organizations such as Mom University. The following, among othe r objectives were adopted for the reject: analyze the current notice board system(s), identify the challenges in communication of notices, and develop SMS, email, and later social networks- driven, highly customizable e-notice board platform for mass use.The project was significant to Mom University, other organizations and the general public, because based on literature review, only a few organizations in the world such as Distillates of Nigeria and Firepower Ministries International (FM) in the Northeast of America; have implemented this technology in regard to communication of notices. Research was based on a case study in Mom University Main Campus (MUMS), School of Information Sciences. This case study has been chosen because within MUMS, all schools, clubs and other groups of people use posters or banners in order to communicate notices to their members.The study will target around 50 respondents of which a sample size of 15 was included in the study. Simple random sampling an d judgmental strategy methods were used; Main tools of data collection included interviews questionnaires and observations. The selection of these tools are preferred because they will guide the nature of data to be collected, mime availability as well as guiding the objectives of the study. Data collected was examined, categorized and tabulated into various frequency tables and percentages to help in the analysis of information. REPORT Make up is normally used by women but also it can be used by men as well. Of course, this applies to different ‘policies' that every country has. Culture, civilization, tradition, customs and religion, to name just a few. For instance, men in countries like Greece do not tend to wear make up, unlike other countries in which the male population is more open-minded and cultured. France and Italy are examples of countries in which men usually wear make up. Beauty is a personal issue and subject to different tastes. However, every man yearns seduction, passion, romance, beauty and love.For this reason, here must be a high-end make up product that will be used only from men. Market presents a lack nowadays in high end products that apply to the beauty of men and this result in the launch of a prestigious new make up devoted to the male population Fashion industry is one of the most interesting ones. Fashion houses come always with extravagant and attractive ideas in order to lure co nsumers. One of the most luxurious and best selling products that nearly every fashion house has to display is the make up.Make up is used mostly by women, but not anymore. Channel is going to launch an amazing make up only for men. It will be perfect and for sure a great success story as the first make up used only by men appears to make a huge dream come true for the men around the world. Channel Home is a great make up only for male consumers around the world. Inspired by the passion for freedom of Gabrielle Channel, the Channel Makeup Creation Studio has designed Channel Home, a new spirit of makeup that is simple and flawless at the same time.Free like a breath of fresh air and spontaneous like the perfect getaway. Each man's intuition guides the brush as it sweeps across the face to create a personalized makeup result intensified with each sweep f the brush. Its five luminous and natural shades reveal an amazing make up result. Channel Home is recognized from its ultra-protect ive formula, enriched with cotton flower and white rose plant cells that become one with the skin. It is gentle on all skin types, even the most sensitive.The make up Channel Home is going to include in its beautiful package, the glow make up foundation as well as a natural professional mini kabuki blush that promises exceptional results just like you have your own make up artist on your home. The first Channel Home ever created, reveals the healthy glow of each male ND provides a sensation of lightness, well-being and freshness. The mini kabuki blush is going to be a half-moon powder brush made of 100% natural hair which definitely makes the application look more sublime and give it a professional look as well to the face of the elegant male.Moreover, Channel Home features an iconic Channel compact case that promises that the elegant male population will simply love it. Its big mirror, with a larger inclination angle, and its powder brush make for an easier application. Coco Channe l once said ‘In order to be irreplaceable, one must always be different room the others' and this make up is exactly for those men who always try and are at the top of the world and who always seek new ways of impressing people and themselves as well. It is for those who take it for granted that real beauty comes from inside and derives from a very special individuality.Channel Home is going to be in a beautiful package seducing every male and tempting him from the first minute with its immaculate package. This package is going to have at the top of it, the logo of Coco Channel, a fashion house that knows better than anyone else what elegance and free style mean, due to the agenda Of its founder Gabrielle Channel. As the other products of Coco Channel that are globally being sold, Channel Home make up will be put in a gorgeous white bag with black letters that will write the fashion house's name with capital letters.Channel Home foundation will be oval in shape, with the logo at the top and also the mini kabuki blush will bring the logo of the fashion house at the top and the name of the make up at its bottom. Packaging of all the make up products Channel Home will take place in France and they will be made there as well. Channel Home will be an exclusive product for hoses few around the world. Such exclusivity leads to a price that brings the number of two hundred Euros . If course this price might differ from a country to another one and it might be subject of different taxes and VAT that apply to the products.As it concerns the locations that the demanding men will be able to find the ultra and brand new Channel make up, they can be found on the boutiques of Channel around the globe in big cities, renowned resorts and fashion capitals. Manhattan, London, Paris, Milan, Rome, Churchgoer 1 850 and many more. Moreover, it will be offered the possibility f distribution of the product to the place of their customers' choice. More specifically, men will be a ble to order this magnificent foundation either from the official website of Channel or by contacting the most convenient to them, store in order to arrange a delivery at their home.That, surely promises more orders of the make up and gives the possibility to its customers to have their foundation arrived at their easiness and comfort to their place. Channel is a fashion house synonymous of luxury and style. The new Channel Home make up is going to be promoted through seductive and beautiful immemorial. Those commercials will be viewed at the television and Of course through the official website of the house. The advertisement campaign will include a new fresh man beautiful and elegant that will demonstrate the product.The plot of the campaign is going to include a man that its character is always to defy the normal nature; he is incomparable and invariably seeks new ways of transforming himself in someone better and even more unique. He is falling in love with a photographer, with whom they meet under a hot romantic late evening in Proportion, the most picturesque place in Italy. They meet at Splendid Hotel, and they share passionate moments and till the times goes by, the photographer suggests to his new lover to follow him to the beach. They kiss under the moon, and the moon says ‘CHANNEL FOREVER'.Then they make a stroll down the amazingly gorgeous piazza at midnight. The kiss again in a more passionate way outside of the Channel boutique. The clock says that it is twelve o'clock when the street is becoming wider and wider when millions of men show up with the new Channel Home make up in their hands. The advertisement will close with a panoramic view of Proportion as seductive as it can be at midnight while the ocular men will take a bath nude at the rocky beach at night in a very provocative way kissing each other's bodies.The advertisement will be very provocative and sensual at the same time.. Other promotional activities will include hiring the be st actors and actresses in order to display the new foundation yet at the most provocative and beautiful at the same time way. The locations that the campaign will take place, are Cannes, Staten Cap Ferret Proportion and Paris during a hot August evening. Addressing the issue of competition, fashion houses are renowned from its customers around the world for their make up.For example the Parisian fashion house of Christian Dior haste launched a new foundation, very luxurious and with the most immaculate look than it has ever before proposed. Of course, this powder can be used both from women and men for sheer professional look just like feeling the catcalling spirit. Another example responds to La Prairie, which is getting ready to launch also a new make up that will be made of the finest ingredients that make it perfect and smooth. However, Channel Home is the first make up only for men. That means that is convenient, fresh, easy-to- wear and suitable for all type of skins of men. Report David Chicago, special thanks for believing in this project from the start to this far. Cannot forget my second supervisor, Mr.. Sammie. You have been a great role model to me throughout my course. Thank you for your support. I bestow your guidance and encouragement above and beyond the call of duty. I'm indebted to my family for all their support. May the grace of the Lord Jesus be with you, my love to all of you in Christ Jesus, Amen. Very special thanks also to all my classmates and my friends Pascal, Antonym and Denis for expert advice and ‘the cold hard truth' over the project idea.Abstract The way notices are being communicated in various organizations is turning digital as opposed to the traditional method of sticking posters all-over. This is implemented best with the use of the thriving mobile technology where authorized people can receive notices in their mobile phones via Short Message Service (SMS), email or notifications on their social network accounts. However, a great number of organizations have not yet realized this application of technology and are still working on traditional platforms such as posters, messengers etc.This is largely because of lack of a platform that meets the needs of both organizations as well as individuals with regard to communication of notices. Also, in most of these organizations, the notice board system(s) has had various problems such as: congestion of outdated information such that one cannot locate useful information easily; some notices are plucked down/removed before every intended person has had a chance to read them etc.This project aims at offering a solution to overcome the current desperate approaches through developing an electronic notice board system to help organizations such as Mom university communicate their notices effectively. The distinctive features of the end-system will convey the deployment of CIT and its implications within organizations such as Mom University. The following, among othe r objectives were adopted for the reject: analyze the current notice board system(s), identify the challenges in communication of notices, and develop SMS, email, and later social networks- driven, highly customizable e-notice board platform for mass use.The project was significant to Mom University, other organizations and the general public, because based on literature review, only a few organizations in the world such as Distillates of Nigeria and Firepower Ministries International (FM) in the Northeast of America; have implemented this technology in regard to communication of notices. Research was based on a case study in Mom University Main Campus (MUMS), School of Information Sciences. This case study has been chosen because within MUMS, all schools, clubs and other groups of people use posters or banners in order to communicate notices to their members.The study will target around 50 respondents of which a sample size of 15 was included in the study. Simple random sampling an d judgmental strategy methods were used; Main tools of data collection included interviews questionnaires and observations. The selection of these tools are preferred because they will guide the nature of data to be collected, mime availability as well as guiding the objectives of the study. Data collected was examined, categorized and tabulated into various frequency tables and percentages to help in the analysis of information.

Marketing and Hypermarkets Elf Urban

What is the perceptual map for the gas station companies in France (Elan, Elf, Total, and the hypermarkets)? What would be the two dimensions you would use to best describe the portfolio of brands that Total Group has in its market? Convenience Total-Bonjour Convenience Total-Bonjour Rural Elan Rural Elan Price Hypermarkets Elf Price Hypermarkets Elf Urban Hypermarkets Elf Urban Hypermarkets Elf I would use Convenience and price to describe the portfolio of brands. 2. Based on the perceptual map, propose a set of marketing actions, beyond those that have been mentioned, that should be used by Total brand.Use the 4Ps framework to propose these actions and link each action to the CVF framework. I would definitely sell cosmetics such as toothbrush, deodorant, toothpaste, soap, Lotion; In addition to phone cards; Moreover I would add a first aid section where customers could find temporary relieve from any minor physical discomfort. They link to the consumption process of the customer in the situational influences of the CVF. Consequently, Total could expand the partnership distribution with Elan and Elf considering how great they are doing with the French grocery retailer and bonjour.It would be great cost benefit with the consumption process of the CVF. 3. What are the things that may build utilitarian and hedonic value when customers go for a gas station? Describe how an Elf store might increase value in customers’ shopping experience. Things that may build utilitarian value are buying food to consume, getting gas, a car wash, putting air on tire, getting the car fixed. Things that may build hedonic value are price of gasoline or products, quality of the products, and having a reason to compare a preference for a personal brand immediately after purchase.Elf store may increase customer value by providing low prices compare to the other gas stations, accessibility and convenience is also a big factor, and making sure that each customer get a pleasant exper ience. 4. What are the marketing segments that each store is trying to cover? What are the fundamental benefits that consumers in each of those segments are seeking when choosing a gas station? Do you think Total Group has done a good job identifying market segments and appealing to these segments? Are some segments left unserved by Total? Elan covers the rural market segment where competition is less dense, which customers seek.Elf covers the price-sensitive segment, a suburban market in addition to hypermarkets where customers seek low price, fast service, and competitive location. Total covers the urban, convenience oriented market segment where customers seek higher product assortment, high performance gas, feelings of spaciousness and full range car services. So far, I think total is doing a great job identifying and appealing market segments. Yes, some segments have failed; the rural, convenience-oriented market, which would have brought less competition and raise revenues.

Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Technology - Essay Example Video calling and text messaging have now become the most integral modes of communication. The flexibility, ease and plainness of text messaging have made communication feasible beyond comprehension. It has been reported that text messaging has facilitated the rescue of people stuck in remote areas and earthquake struck regions (Alexander and Amber). However, despite the merits of this blissful technology there is a dull aspect as well. On the flip side of things where text messages has saved lives it has also taken some. In fact the statistics points us towards the covert reality that it has taken more lives than it has ever saved. Use of text messaging while driving has been the root of most of the cases in this regard. According to a survey it has been stated that texting while driving is 6 times more likely to cause an accident than intoxicated driving (Car accident cell phone statistics). It has also been reported that texting is the most distracting of all the activities while driving as for every 6 seconds of driving while texting a driver spends more than 4.6 seconds of those seconds looking off the road (Car accident cell phone statistics). In recent years with substantial decrease in the costs of text messages this risk has been augmented by a very large factor. Although it can be argued that it is the drivers fault if he is not complying by the safety measures it is also true that these lives were not in danger when text messaging was not invented. While texting involves typing out messages and has well replaced the use letters and telegraphs, it has also on the contrary affected the communication skills of the populace in a very unconstructive manner (Bushnell and Kemp). The use of text messaging has become so casual that people have forgiven the art of letter writing and have started concentrating more on abbreviations and short forms than on good diction. With the increasing use of emoticons there is no longer a need felt to express emotions using words. The art of writing aside, text messaging has also incurred its misery on the art of speech. With text messaging now there are more and more people who successfully avoid verbal interaction and opt for text messaging instead. The advent of text messaging where on one hand has simplified communication on the other has also at the same time degraded the â€Å"art† of communication. Texting is intoxicating. Yes, it is. No matter how illogical it sounds but it is actually true. The similarities between texting and intoxication are almost uncanny. It has even forced the surveyors to draw comparisons between the affects of intoxication and texting while driving. And surprisingly enough for some while not for others texting has had the upper hand. How is texting intoxicating? The question arises. In the happening world of the 21st century where family values are given up for personal success I have seen people still taking time out of their hectic lives to gaze into their cel l phones and either read or write a text message. I have seen people not getting out of their bed before reading and replying to all the texts. This intoxicating nature of text messaging has made people lazy and wasted a considerable amount of their time by indulging them into a merely unproductive activity. Not to mention has also wasted their otherwise valuable talent and potential. In conclusion, the much documented nature of the merits of texting has driven us away from its evident drawbacks. Without the

Surrealism and its Inspiration Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Surrealism and its Inspiration - Research Paper Example When Breton designed the cover of ‘Young Cherry Trees Secure against Hare’s surrealism,’ he brought out a strong message for the audience. In the cover, he transformed the commonly known symbol for freedom that bears the face of a woman and replaced it with his own. He realized that he could use what people had prior knowledge to create an impact. He was advocating for the liberty that artists needed. He was defying the old way of thinking that expected artists to express issues that people knew. It is with this thinking that he founded surrealism (Sepp and Lester 78). With such thinking in the artist’s mind, disorder may result because odd ideas from the subconscious mind come out. One of the famous surrealists of the time was Salvador Dali. Dali started out as a poet but diversified to being an author of books and painter. Dali was a vocal artist who defended his wild pieces of work and asserted that he did not need to understand them himself. As long as they were coming from his subconscious mind, he did not have to hold back from expressing himself. As a result, Dali produced work that amazes anyone seeking to appreciate his pieces of work. One of the images that has evoked the imagination and attention of people over time is the painting Dali named the ‘persistence of memory’. In this painting, he portrayed soft watches hanging on a rock, on a tree and on another surface that is not very clear. The unique thing about these watches is that they are melting. The persistence of memory attracted a lot of interpretation and different opinions on the interpretation. The fact that watches were melting seemed to suggest something that was continuously happening to time. Many guessed that the painting was a reflection of the relativity between... Surrealism and its Inspiration This paper will consider how much order one can find in the artwork of some of the surrealist artists. In addition, the paper will consider whether the unrealistic images portrayed have meaning in real life. An analysis of Andre Breton’s description of surrealism because he developed the entire concept will give an insight of the real surrealistic art. Breton was a poet and novelist. There are unique things that happened to Breton that led to the development of surrealism. When he was studying medicine, he got an introduction into Sigmund Freud. Freud was a psychoanalyst who had developed theories explaining the potential of the mind to carry out multiple amazing functions. From these theories, Breton adopted new attitude of writing. Having realized that the mind had potential that he imagined, Breton explored new ways of writing (Sepp and Lester 78). The second influence came from the Dadaists who influenced his thinking. He defied the dada movement later because he wanted an art movement that allowed him to express himself without the need to reason. In 1924, he managed to describe surrealism fully in a manifesto. This manifesto emphasized the power of imagination. Visual arts have had a significant growth since the early 1900s. As presented in this paper, Surrealism, just like other visual arts has had an interesting history. Worth noting, it is evident that understanding the themes behind surrealistic arts may not be easy. This is because the themes do not appear on the surface. So much disorder seems to appear for interpreter.

Open Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Open - Term Paper Example Capital punishment has been abolished in many US states with others passing bills to abolish it in the near future. There was a lapse of four years in handing out capital punishment in the United States of America in 1972. The practice resumed in 1976 and is still being carried out. Considering both sides of the argument and weighing pros against cons, it is better to do away with capital punishment once and for all from the justice system of the United States of America. In our present legal system, there are chances of false falsely convicting individuals. The strongest argument against the death penalty puts forth the hypothesis of an individual being falsely convicted and sentenced to death. Research shows that this hypothesis has come to pass in several cases such as a case in Illinois in 1983 where two men were falsely accused of murder of a 10 year old. After having spent 10 years on the death row waiting for the date of execution, their innocence was proved by defense when DN A evidence cleared them of the charges (Donohue, and Shavell x). If the American legal system had not been slow, two innocent men would have lost their lives for a crime they did not commit at the same time allowing the real culprit to roam free. And if the discovery came after the sentence was carried out, how would the state go about posthumous redress? More than 130 similar cases have come to light in the past 37 years where 130 individuals were found innocent after having spent time on death row (DPIC FactSheet). Questions and incidents such as this one shake the resolve of those in favor because, once death penalty is carried out, the executed cannot be brought back to life. In case of time served, some sort of financial redress can be offered. Capital punishment provides room for abuse. Another argument that is loosely connected to the preceding one is the conviction of the mentally disabled. There are several mental conditions, psychological disorders amongst them, that make individuals who are suffering from them commit acts of violence. It can be argued that these people, whether because of depression, delusion or under the influence of medication that they take to treat these ailments, may commit murder. Though there is a consensus that such people should not be awarded capital punishment, however, as long as capital punishment remains a viable option, there is no way to ensure that such verdicts are not passed. For instance, in the State of Virginia a borderline mentally challenged woman, Teresa Lewis, was awarded the capital punishment (Szkotak). Lewis, despite being mentally retarded and despite not being the actual perpetrator was executed just because the option was available. If capital punishment is abolished, the option would not be present to be taken into consideration in the first place. Death by legal injection is seen by many as cruel and unusual punishment. The current method of execution, the lethal injection is a mixture of deadly sub stances with potassium chloride being the active ingredient. It is introduced intravenously into the human body. If not in the correct ratio or if not administered properly, the lethal injection can cause a slow and agonizing death. In most cases, potassium chloride merely causes paralysis and the poor individual is painfully aware of every sensation till his or her last breath. This may also happen varying on a person to person basis e.g. in

Movie Reaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Movie Reaction - Essay Example And, in the process, the audiences will get to see a new version of reality. Fantasy will actually be able to come out of the books and the directors will be able to portray their version of fantasy on the movie screen. With technology it is possible to show imagination. In the second scene from the movie, the director and the apprentice try to capture a local wedding in their video camera. In the beginning they seem really pleased with the progress but suddenly the mood of the wedding attendants’ changes. To get a good shot the two men stand right in the way of the wedding procession. The bride is being carried in a small decorated cart. The men with the bride see this as an interruption in their ceremony. They get angry and chase away the two men. I see that anything new or strange always brings out hostility in people. They chases away the cameramen in the movie but today no wedding is complete without a camera man. This scene reminded me of the Benjamin’s words; â€Å"Their most powerful agent is the film. Its social significance, particularly in its most positive form, is inconceivable without its destructive, cathartic aspect, that is, the liquidation of the traditional value of the cultural heritage.† (Benjamin, Ch. II) â€Å"The change that has come about is an expression of the particular conflict in which painting was implicated by the mechanical reproducibility of paintings. Although paintings began to be publicly exhibited in galleries and salons, there was no way for the masses to organize and control themselves in their reception.† (Benjamin, Ch. XII)   EXPLAIN why you chose the two paragraphs/sections from the article. HOW does those paragraphs/sections relate to the movie. *The focus should be on explaining your understanding of the paragraphs with support from movie This section (Part 1) is from Chapter II of the article and instantly reminded me of the

Dorian Gray Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dorian Gray - Essay Example The warning has its effect, and he resolves to beg Sibyl to pardon his outburst and to marry him. True, the warning comes too late to make Sibyl any happier, but Dorian takes his first step down to the abyss of his doom when he shows no real sorrow at her fate and goes to enjoy himself at the opera with Harry Wotton. The Picture is a mere reflection of his inner nature-its effect on him should have been positive, but Dorian chose to ignore its message. The artist Basil Hallward might have been inclined to blame himself, at least in part, for Dorian's disaster, but it is actually Basil who tries the hardest to preserve Dorian's 'purity.' The question is whether Dorian was ever pure. When he senses that Basil was not too keen on his becoming intimate with Lord Wotton, Dorian perversely pushes for Wotton to stay longer at their first meeting. Anyway, Harry Wotton had privately determined to stay, and to become intimate enough with Dorian to 'influence' him. Basil's death was occasioned by his own attempts to bring Dorian back to the straight path. Dorian not only does not follow his advice, he mouths Wotton's words only to irritate Basil. When Basil tries hard to get him to repent and turn a new leaf, he is not only unscrupulously murdered but ruthlessly vaporized by Dorian for his pains. It might be argued that Lord Henry Wotton should be found guilty of influencing the course of Dorian's dark life and thus be held responsible for the dreadful death of the young man. It was, after all, he who influenced Dorian, by his very persuasive words and views, and by his gift of the 'yellow book' to be a 'hedonist.' In reply, one might say that Dorian actively sought to be influenced by Harry, and actively exceeded the scope and field of the influence. Moreover, if he understood that Harry Wotton only preached hedonism without really practicing it, he did not follow that admirable example. He chose to be first a narcissist and then a hedonist, before ending up as a detestably extreme combination of both. Conversing with Dorian at the end of the novel, Lord Wotton appears a nave greenhorn before a connoisseur of vice. Anyone with some knowledge of the details of Oscar Wilde's biography would be quick to discern aspects of Wilde in characters as diverse as Basil Hallward, Harry Wotton, and Dorian Gray. There would surely be some who would blame Wilde for the 'immorality' of Wotton and Gray. The course of the novel, however, makes it clear that the author's standpoint is characterized by the highest standards of true morality and sincerity, rather than conventional hypocrisy or downright immorality. Again, any inclination to lay the blame at the door of God or Fate would have to be checked by the awareness that Dorian's downslide is active, rather than passive or forced, from the moment he chose hedonism over repentance, on hearing of Sibyl's death. Victorian hypocrisy has been attacked more strongly by few Victorians other than Oscar Wilde, and he is as audacious as ever in giving the five-finger-salute to the Society of the times. In fact, towards the end, Dorian Gray makes a very rare affirmation of sensitivity when he tries to prevent the shooting of a hare. Ironically, it was not a hare, but a man it was that died-the very man who had been stalking Dorian Gray. The

Employment Law and Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Employment Law and Relations - Essay Example ted from the codifying of various acts and legislations that were against different types of discrimination.Some of these legislations were the Equal Pay of 1970, the Race Relations Act 1976, the Sex Discrimination Act of 1975, and the Disability Discrimination Act of 1995.The Disability Discrimination Act of 1995 provided a basis for the development of the 2010 legislation (Wadham et.al 2010, p. 3). The law also provides protection to employees against being discriminated for their religious faith or belief, age and their sexual preferences and also provides for equality when it comes to employment access to all people. The Equality Act of 2010 has nine characteristics that ensure that the same act protects every citizen in Britain. This essay will discuss the advantages and limitations of the Equality Act of 2010 concerning anti-discrimination within organisations in which the discussion will evaluate the provisions that protect individuals in employment relationships. Further, the essay will delve on disability and race as two out of the nine protected characteristics that are contained in the Equality Act. One of the notable advantages that the Equality Act 2010 attracts is that safeguards employees against any form of discrimination, which was established so as to strengthen the legislations that were there that prohibited discrimination. In 2010, the Act became the main law that prohibited any form of discrimination in the workplace.The Act placed emphasis on ageism, training, education, and employment (Smith, Wood & Baker 2013, p. 404). In essence, the laws cover areas pertaining to the ways in which individuals can be treated by higher education institutions and trade bodies other than just employment organisations. The law states that all individuals have the right not to be treated as disadvantaged or discriminated against because of their age. An additional advantage of the Act is that it protects the older citizens. After the implementation of the

International finance manager Essay Example for Free

International finance manager Essay Bob Swan is the International Finance Officer to eBay Inc. He is also the senior vice president to the company. He is responsible for eBay’s finance function including controllership, tax, treasury, financial planning and analysis, audit, mergers and acquisitions, and investors relations. He has worked for Electronic Data Systems Corporation (EDS) as an executive vice president. He has also served as Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and executive vice president at TRW, Inc. , held an executive-level position at Webvan Group, Inc. His career started with General Electric in 1985 where he spent 15 years while serving at different positions such as corporate audit staff and CFO at GE Medical Systems-Europe and GE transportation Systems. Bob holds a bachelor of science in business administration from State University of New York at Buffalo. He also has a master of Business Administration from SUNY Binghamton. (eBayExecutiveTeam 2010). Risks management eBay as an online marketplace faces a number of risks. It list millions of items across thousands of diverse categories, including antiques, books, toys, sports, computers, photography and electronics and others. It has to manage operational risks and regulatory and legal issues. The company focuses on building trust and safety for trade to its customers. This is ensured through rules and policies, trust building programmes, various educational resources which help in maintaining general marketplace security and prevent fraud. The company also works with law enforcers and government agencies in the world so as to enforce its policies. Its trading policies are rooted in the values of the eBay market place. It seeks to encourage open, honest, and accountable transactions. It also seeks for feedback from the customers so as to ensure good services. The company also has an eBay safety Center to ensure buying and selling safety. (About eBay 2010; Philippe 2009).

Appropriateness Of Tesco Enterprises Information Systems Information Technology Essay

Appropriateness Of Tesco Enterprises Information Systems Information Technology Essay The world is fast becoming a global village. The systems used to collect informations yesterday are different from those used today. More advanced and competitive information system are being produce everyday. Every business no matter how small, like a small retailer store, depends on high technology to store data. To them now it is a living tool and the still keep their doors open to welcome new form of change in information systems. Information system has now become the bread of life in every organizational operation. This paper is going to expatiate more on how information system operates to enhance business in our world today. Tesco enterprise will be use as the yard stick to better understand the development of Information systems. Findings 2.1 Information Systems. Definition. According to Kenneth and Jane Laudon, Information systems can be defined technically as a set of interrelated components that collect to retrieve process, stores, distributes information to support decision making and control on an organization. Information systems are the systems of persons, data records and activities that process the data of information in a given organization, either through manual processes or automated processes. This system is consist of people, procedures, softwares, hardwares and data that helps in effective decision making. Philip Kotler says A marketing information system consist of people, equipments and procedures to gather, sort and analyze, evaluate and distribute needed, timely and accurate information to marketing decision makers. According to Erik BOHLIN, Stranford L. LEVIN, Nakil SUNG, Chang-HO YOON (2004), the effect of information technology systems on globalization, innovation, growth and productivity are immense. Information technology system has contributed immensely to the globalization of production and capital markets by reducing cost of information and communication. They stated that technology has made it easier for multinationals and other companies to spread production facilities all over the world, to coordinate international marketing campaigns and to ease collaboration in projects taking place in different continents. There are various types of information systems such as Office Information system, database management system, Decision supporting system and transaction processing system. Information systems are normally created to perform task for which the human brain can not handle well enough some of these task are controlling many business processes simultaneously, performing complex calculations and storing large amount of information. Many businesses invest huge amounts of money in information systems for the following reasons; For rapid production of goods and services To develop excellent and effective communication skills. Improve decision making Have operational excellence For competitives advantages For survival Customer and supplier intimacy. It saves time and money and makes life easy and comfortable. Levels of management. There are three hierarchical levels of management on an organization; the senior level management, the middle level management and the operational level of management. Senior Level Management. This is the highest level of management. They are concern with making good and effective decisions for the development of the enterprise. They supply answers to questions about the long term plans of the company such as what kind of products will the company be producing in the next five years or what method will they apply to improve their business. There are many kinds of information systems that managers at this level can use in order to ease the work and quickly too, some of the systems are seen as follows: Executive Support System. (ESS) It is a reporting software which helps senior managers transform data into useful summarize reports. It allows them quick assess to reports coming from different levels and different departments in the company such as staffing, billing, cost allocation, scheduling and many others. ESS is most useful to senior managers like Chief Executive Officers in order to enable the make decision easily. ESS forecast the future. ESS relies highly on information MIS and DSS database for decision making. It can not work in isolation less the company becomes dysfunctional. Middle Management. The main duty of the managers at this level is to monitor the activities of the subordinates, collect information from junior management and reassemble them and give the feedbacks or report to those at the senior management team. Their reports help in strategic planning thus leading to effective decision making to achieve their objectives. They are responsible for implementing the senior managers policies and plans to the workers. They also need to ensure that employees are well motivated and should act responsibly in maintaining company values. Management Information System (MIS) This system is meant to serve mostly middle managers. It helps them regulate the various operations in an organization. It helps in the internal control procedures. MIS are distinct from regular information systems in that they are used to analyze other information systems applied in operation activities in the organization. OBrien, J (1999). MIS as a system : It is a system that makes available the right information to the right person (senior managers) at the right time, place, form and at the right cost. It monitors daily sales, profit and lost accounts. It gathers feedbacks and current reports. It also answers all day to day questions about the company. Inputs of MIS: Customer Relationship Management (CRM), this a process created to handle the companys relationship or contact with its customers. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). This is a system that helps managers coordinate all the resources information and functions of a business. Transaction Process Management (TPS). It records all daily routines in a company. Recommended softwares for MIS: Database retrieve application Service control manager- a component of Microsoft Windows operating System. Software Configuration Management (SCM) used to track down and control changes in softwares. Decision Support System (DSS). It a group of information systems that support businesses and organizations in decision making activities. It helps most the middle class managers to make quick and effective decisions. It helps middle managers compile important information from a combination of business models, raw data, personal knowledge or documents to solve problems and then take decisions. Functions of DSS. It helps to solve unpredicted problems such as non-routine issues. Deducts external information like price change, government change in tax. It gathers and inventory of current information assets including legacy, dataware house and data marts. It produces comparative sales figures different periods. Finally it presents revenue figures base on new products sales assumptions. Fundamental Components. Knowledge base User interface The model ( decision content and user criteria). Holsapple and Whinston (1996) classify DSS in to six frame works Text-oriented DSS Database-oriented DSS Spreadsheet-oriented DSS Solver-oriented DSS Rule-oriented DSS Compound-oriented DSS DSS support base system can be divided into three categories; Personal support Group support Organization support First line managers as operational managers. They control the day to day services in an organization. They focus on manageing the processes to produce and distribute products and services to customers. Transaction Process System. This system serves the operational level managers. It helps them trace the daily routine in the company for example sales entry and delivery. It also helps the managers to monitor status of operations in relation to external environment. 3. Appropriateness of TESCO Enterprise Information Systems. TESCO plc is Britains largest retailer enterprise. Tesco provides grocery homeshopping services, consumer goods, telecommunication and financial services online. Online shopping is a highly use information system in Tesco. This information system is the direct buying of goods and services over the internet or other computer networks. Through this system, many businesses have developed due to online competition services. There are other websites besides Tesco that offer hosting services for online stores and small retailers these are Yahoo, Amazon.com and eBay. A collection of online stores are known as Virtual Shopping Malls. Become.com helps online shoppers make the ideal decision on shopping online. That is their mission. Security Measures Definition These are steps taken to protect information and information systems from unauthorized users, access, disclosure disruption, modification and destruction. Security measures are meant to protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information. Tesco has securing tags on its products. This is due to the rise of shoplifting caused by the economic crisis in the country. This was decided by the management team. Many UK businesses whether big or small, depend greatly on American District Telegraph (ADT) or simply ADT, Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) and Digital Video Recorders (DVR) as a source of integrated electronic security system. Tesco is one of those convenience supermarkets that depend highly on the services provided by the above security systems. These security systems provide fast alarm responses to burglary, fire attacks, violence and unnecessary disturbances in Tesco. These security systems reduce a safe and convenient environment for Tesco customers. They help reduce crime wave, protect people and property. Tesco also applies the use of security codes in their online services. This is to ensure that the online customer placing the order is actually in possession of a credit/ Debit card and that the amount of money in the card is legitimate. All these procedures is to prevent Credit/ Debit card fraud Also to trace and track down thieves who are in possessions of other peoples cards through well advance information technology. BMT Micro security software makes sures no database after online transaction is stored during online payment so hackers will not find their way easily into peoples accounts. That is why codes are needed so is will be hard for them to trace. Card Security Code (CSC) or Card Verification Value is another security feature for credit/debit transaction online providing online security against fraudulent cards. Recommended information security. Unified Threat Management (UTM), this is to prevent intruders and softwares from affecting Tesco delicate networks less the loose their data informations. Antivirus is also needed to check Tesco computers for the presence of virus that may crash the computers and loss database information that have not yet been processed. These antivirus needs constant updates. . Cloud Computing Cloud computing is the latest internet base computer system whereby shared resources such as softwares and information are provided to computers. It describes a new suppliement, consumption and delivery Information Technology model services based on the internet. It helps provides easy access to remote computing site provide by the internet. It is a less expensive form of computing. It avoids capital expenditures on hardwares, softwares and services because the pay only provider for they use. Consumption is billed on subscription basis with no upfront cost. Benefits: Low barrier to entry. Share infrastructure and cost Low management overheads Immediate access to a broad range of applications. The contract can be terminated at any time. According to Nicholas Carr, the strategic importance of information technology is diminishing as it has become standardized and less expensive. Issues against Cloud Computing. Although cloud computing is a less expensive system of computing, enterprises may pay more on operating expenses. Cloud computing has been highly criticized for its lack of privacy between users and their hosting companies. They hosting companies may monitor at will the communication and data stored in their systems. For example the National Security Agency (NSA) that works with American Telephone and Telgraph (AT T) and Verizon Communications, monitors all their phones which make people insecure for lack of privacy. There is no security in cloud computing but the Cloud Computing Alliance has been form to promote security assurances. Tesco is not using cloud computing services. But they can subscribe for it so as to spend less on information technology system. Conclusion. From the above information, we have seen how important information systems are in the development of an organization as it is being applied at every managerial level in a business. So it is recommended that business owners should continue searching for more advance information systems that will help ease their supply and distribution chain. Recommendations. Information system is the only way for businesses to survive the pressure and competition that they are facing. If there is a any business that has not yet be highly connected to advance information systems, then that business should make a strategic plan about implementing cloud computing for a start because it is less expensive and will help the business save for future unforeseen circumstances. References OBrien, J (1999) Management Information Systems- Manageing Information Systems in the Internet work Enterprise. Boston. Irwin MC Graw-Hill. ISBN 0071123733. Kenneth and Jane Laudon, Managing the Digital Firm, 8th Ed. Kotler, Philip, Keller, Kevin Lane (2006), Marketing Management, 12th edition. Pearson Education. Erik BOHLIN, Stranford L. Levin, Nakil SUNG, Chang-HO YOON (2004) Global Economy and Digital Society. Elsevier , Amsterdam. Nichlas Carr, (2008) Clouds and Storms.

Scene Analysis Of America Beauty Film Studies Essay

Scene Analysis Of America Beauty Film Studies Essay American Beauty is a film written by Alan Ball and directed by Sam Mendes in the year 2000. The film is about Lester Burnham , who is searching for happiness. Lester Burnham is an ordinary-looking man in his forties. Lester is in a loveless marriage because his wife, Carolyn Burnham, who thinks that success is the most important thing in life, neglects him due to her obsession to her real estate career. In the film, Lester often mentions that Carolyn doesnt acknowledge him. Lesters daughter, Jane Burnham, is emotionally distant from her father, and often claims how pathetic she thinks Lester is. In the beginning of the film, Lester was told that he was in danger of losing his job. All these factors dramatically culminate into feelings of desperation and vulnerability for him. This begins to change as Lester is introduced to his daughters friend, Angela Hayes. Lester overhears a conversation between Jane and Angela, where Angela states that she would have sex with him if he would star t working-out and building up his body. The thought of having a teenage girl finding Lester hot, excites Lester thus beginning Lesters change throughout the movie (American Beauty, motion picture, 2000). I will be analysing two scenes of this film which I found to be the most significant in terms of how it helped me shape my interpretation of and emotional response to the film. Both scenes involve major turn of events in the film regarding Lester Burnham and I found that the cinematographic qualities of the scenes played a major part in contributing to the movies overall meaning. According to Richard Barsam, cinematography is the process of capturing moving images on film or some other medium (Barsam 2007, p.140). Barsam states that, Although cinematography might seem to exist solely to please our eyes with beautiful images, it is in fact an intricate language that can contribute to a movies overall meaning as much as the story, mise-en-scene, and acting do (Barsam 2007, p.140). This means that the use of the different aspects of cinematography such as lighting, framing, camera angles can help contribute to interpreting the meaning of the film itself. The two cinematographic elements which are mainly used in the scenes include composition and camera movement. Barsam states that the composition element refers to the arrangement of visual elements within a shot (Barsam 2007, p.161). There can be numerous visual elements within a shot. Some of the elements include lighting, shot compositions (long-shot, medium-shot, close-up), and dynamic compositions. Barsam points out that a key component of composition is lighting. The lighting shapes the way the movie looks and helps tell the story (Barsam 2007, p.148). Among its properties are its source, quality, direction and style. Barsam states that the different properties of lighting work together with other elements to determine the overall mood and meaning of a scene (Barsam 2007, p.154). According to Barsam, the second cinematographic element, camera movement, can change the way we see the images because any movement of the camera modifies the different elements of framing. These elements include camera angle, level, height, types of shots and scale (Barsam 2007, p.176). The moving camera opens up cinematic space, and thus filmmakers use it to achieve many effects. Barsam points out that the moving camera leads the viewers eye, or focuses the viewers attention and, by moving into the scene, helps create the illusion of depth in the flat screen image. (Barsam 2007, p.176) The first scene I will be analysing is the scene where Lester first spots Angela. In this scene, Lester and Carolyn decided to support Jane at her school where she was performing a dance at half-time. This scene is significant because it shows how Lester begins to rebel against who he is, as a result of Angelas sexuality. The scene begins with Lester and Carolyn arriving at the basketball game right before Janes performance. Then as the performance begins, almost immediately into the dance routine, Angela is given an upward position in the frame elevated with dynamic composition. It is dynamic composition because there is movement within the fixed frame (Barsam 2007, p.161). By giving Angela an upward position within the frame, it suggests that Lester is taking notice of her. And as the scene continues, Angela has gotten Lesters full attention. Angela is shown moving towards the camera in another dynamic composition shot complemented by the camera zooming in on her. This enhances Ang elas presence and this also gave me an idea as to the degree of attention Lester is giving Angela due to her sexuality. The scene continues with a static composition shot of Lester. According to Barsam, a static composition shot is where there is no movement within the frame, unlike a dynamic composition where there is movement (Barsam 2007, p.161). The camera then begins to zoom in on Lester. As the camera zooms in, the crowd is eliminated and only Lester is shown in the frame. Furthermore, Lesters eyes appears to be bigger than they actually are because of the way the camera is focusing on them. This makes Lester look as though he is drooling over something he desires. At this point, the camera performs a point of view shot showing what Lesters eyes are fixated on, and that is Angela. This again displays the degree of enchantment that Angela has placed over Lester. In Lesters mind, only Angela and himself exists at that moment, and everyone else is filtered out as they are not of any importance to Lester. The scene then concludes with a shot-reverse-shot of Angela and Lester. A shot-reverse-shot is where one character is shown looking at another character (often off-screen), and then the other character is shown looking back at the first character. Since the characters are shown facing in opposite directions, the viewer assumes that they are looking at each other (Yale Film Studies Program 2002). This allowed me to see that in Lesters fantasy, Angela is dancing erotically just for him, giving each other the same amount of attention. Because of the fact the Lester is desiring a girl that is his daughters age, it should be noted that Angela and Lester are never shown in the same frame in the scene as this suggests that there is some barrier in between them. Another technical element which I found that added to the effectiveness of the scene, was the lighting. In the point of view shot from Lesters perspective that showed that he was fixated on Angela, Angela was shown by herself in the frame. And as mentioned above, this is to point out that Lester only has his attention on Angela. The lighting used complemented the shot as the lighting helped to focus my attention on Lesters enlarged eyes and this showed me that he was being enchanted by what he was seeing. Another way the lighting was used in the scene was when Angela was shown alone in the frame and the background in the shot became a lot darker. At the same time, a bright light shined on Angela from above. The lighting in this shot is high contrast and low key. It is high contrast because the difference between the light and darkness is clear. Barsam states that low key lighting is when little or no fill light is used, the ratio between bright illumination and deep shadow is very high (Barsam 2007, p.152). This is shown in the shot because Angelas shadow can be seen behind her and shadows can be seen on the rest of Lesters face, excluding his eyes. I found that lighting contributed quite a lot in this scene. Firstly, I felt that the light shining solely on Angela portrays Angela as the object of Lesters attention. Barsam states that lighting thrown down on a character from above can be used for many different effects, (ie: vulnerability) (Barsam 2007, p.153). In the case of this scene, the light may be portraying the innocence and purity of Angela as she was a virgin throughout the entire film and as light can sometimes be affiliated with good and darkness with bad. The darkness in the background may represent her fake personality where she lies about her sexual experience to the people around her. The darkness surrounding Lester during the close up shots of him may be representing the sexual thoughts he fantasizes about in the scene. And thus the darkness surrounds him throughout the shots of him paying full attention to Angela. The second scene I will be analysing, is the scene towards the end of the film when Lesters fantasies and dreams are about to become reality. This scene is significant because it shows the second turn of events which transforms Lester again, but this time back to the mature person he once was, and also making him realize what it really meant to make him happy. This scene also makes use of composition and camera movement. The scene begins with Lester moving close towards Angela who is lying on the couch. The camera pans right while following Lester. I found this to build up suspense to what would happen next. And as the camera moves to the right, it moves back down. This is a dynamic shot with downward movement. Dynamic because of the movement within the frame and downward movement because the camera moves in a downward movement. According to Barsam, this downward movement implies a negative action (Barsam 2007, p.177). In this case, the negative action is Lesters sexual tendencies towards Angela who is a teenager. Barsam also mentions that the downward movement implies the loss of something (Barsam 2007, p.177). In this case, the loss is of Angelas virginity. The next shot is of Angela appearing at a 45 degree angle in the frame. This is known as a Dutch-angle shot. According to Barsam, a Dutch-angle shot is when the camera is tilted from its normal horizontal and vertical position so that it is no longer straight, giving the viewer the impression that the world in the frame is out of balance (Barsam 2007, p.174). The Dutch-angle accentuates the unnatural nature of the actions in the frame. In this case, it is of the unnatural reaction of Angela, who is about to have a sexual experience for the first time. As the scene continues, the camera pans from left to right and right to left following Lesters hands as they go up and down Angelas body. I found that this intensified the erotic feeling of the scene. In the next shot, the camera moves to a dynamic crane shot, showing Lesters hands unbuttoning Angelas shirt. According to Barsam, a crane shot is a shot made from a camera mounted onto an elevating arm that, in turn, is mounted on a vehicle capable of moving by its own power resulting in it being more flexible due to the freedom of horizontal and vertical movement. The shot is then followed by a shot-reverse shot of Angela and Lester looking at one another. In the scene, Angela was given the low angle shot, looking up at Lester. Barsam states that a low-angle shot is made with the camera below the action and typically places the observer in the position of feeling helpless in the presence of a superior force (Barsam 2007, 171). In other words, a low-angle shot emphasizes anxiety, fear and vulnerability. The fact that Angela is looking up at Lester also implies that Lester is in control. However, I noticed during the crane shots, Angelas position in the frame is always higher than Les ters. In a way, this implies that she is pure and innocent because good elements are usually given a higher position over bad elements (eg: Heaven up, Hell down). In the next shot, Angela reveals to Lester that she is a virgin. At this point, the shot goes back to Lester, who is in a Dutch-angle shot smiles and asks if Angela was kidding. The reason for the Dutch-angle shot is because Lester has realized what he was doing was unnatural. After this shot, is the second major turning point in Lesters transformation, where he finally realizes after all this while, that being lustful for a teenager wasnt what it meant to be happy. The lighting technique used in this scene seemed to portray the light and darkness symbolic meaning that was mentioned above. Throughout the entire scene, there was always a light shining down on Angela but Lester was always kept in darkness. And with composition of Angelas white shirt and the soft light shining on it emphasizing the white colour of the shirt, the light represents purity and innocence because Angela is a virgin. Whereas, the darkness that surrounds Lester, and the minimal lighting shining on his hands as he moves his hands up and down Angelas body represents the impurity of his actions. The lighting used throughout this scene was low contrast and low key. Low contrast because the lighting used was dim and rather gray. In the final shots of the scene, the lighting used were low contrast and low key as well because that implies a sense of mystery. As a viewer, although Lester had come to realize what it meant to achieve happiness, there was something which kept me wondering what would happen. And true enough, the film ended with Lester getting killed. Throughout the film, there were many more cinematographic elements used which emphasized the personalities and characteristics of each character such as high-angle shots, the use of short-focal-length lenses and Long takes. However, because I interpreted the movie as Lesters transformations through being reborn, I found that the cinematographic qualities used in the two scenes I analysed to be the most significant in my interpretation of and emotional response to American Beauty.

Organic Coffee Essay -- Environmental Business Proposal Essays

Organic Coffee SAFARI PLANET COFFEE(S.P.C.) The best Minnesota organic Coffee Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 2. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 3. Business Description †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...5 4. Management and Processes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 5. Research, Marketing and Company Plan.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 6. Financial Projections...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 7. Reference†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 8. Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..12 1. Executive Summary Coffee is one of the world’s most precious commodity second to oil at the same it is one of the most chemically treated products that cause consumer and farmers health problem and destroys environments for that reason, the main idea of Safari Planet Coffee (S.P.C) is very simple, we want to diversify Minnesota by importing and selling organic coffee with high quality grown from the land of its origin Africa, particularly from East Africa. Safari Planet Coffee (S.P.C)’s core value is to bring into focus an environment where this coffee product can become a vivid expression of belonging to customers who will enjoy our healthy organic coffee or purchase from our wholesale department. We want our customers, who are our greatest assets, to feel that inward uniqueness, the moment they step foot into SAFARI PLANET COFFEE(S.P.C), feeling like they were on the actual coffee producing farm in East Africa, particularly Ethiopia the birth place of coffee. Safari Planet Coffee (S.P.C) shall bring into the business an environment where positive thoughts, ideas and suggestions are expressed freely and embraced under an atmosphere of mutual co-existence and professionalism, in the best interest of the establishment. Safari Planet Coffee (S.P.C) is not here only to make money but we will dedicate 15% of pretax dollar to improve the quality of our coffee farmers in East Africa, as our company grows we would set aside a percentage of pretax dollars for social cause and to promote the Organic coffee industry. Safari Planet Coffee (S.P.C) initial investment would be $15,400.00 of owner’s capital and $45,000.00 of SBA loan. Our aim is to select premium Organic coffee products from the East African region that offer superior quality, supplement the coffee products with educational propaganda that promotes the origins of coffee, conditions of East African farmers, a... ... Total $ 60,400.00 Projected Financial Statement attached †¢ Projected Balance Sheet 7. Reference Coffee for Future Brewing/Mixing March 2004, Compiled from the U. S. Market for Coffee and Ready-to-Drink Coffee, 4th Edition, Published by Packaged Facts 2 Griswold, David (2004),Quick Guide to Sustainable Coffee 3Koppel. D 1992, Common Sense about Pesticides, Independence Institute. 4Rice, R.and Ward, J. 1996 Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center Coffee, Conservation and Commerce in the Northern Hemisphere. 5 O'Connell, Jock(2004) Organic Food: A Niche Market Goes Global http://jockoconnell.tripod.com/CaliforniaOrganic.html Retrieval date October 17th 2004 8.Appendix Estimated share of gourmet/premium beverage dollar sales by subcategory ..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1 Whole bean and ground coffee by IRI tracked sales and shares †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..2 Gourmet beverage/confectionary: by household income bracket †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Gourmet beverage/confectionary: by educational attainment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 Gourmet beverage/confectionary: by age bracket of purchaser ...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 Purchasing indices for gourmet beverage/confectionary: by ethnic group †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7

MARRIAGE Essay -- essays research papers

Marriage is the socially recognized union of two or more people. Selecting a marriage partner is very much a culturally defined process. The rules governing selection vary widely from society to society and are more often complex. How would you go about selecting a mate? Where would you begin? What criteria would you use? When we look around the world to see how other societies deal with these questions, it is clear that the ways of selecting a mate or a marriage partner has been changed from generation to generation. In the generation where my grandparents came from, marriages were purely arranged by the elderly. Mothers or aunts usually selected a marriage partner for their sons. My grandparents got married when both of them were very young. Their marriage was purely arranged. Grandmother was only 14 years old and grandfather was 22.My grandmother was living in India with her family. There was a woman living in the same neighborhood. The woman also knew my grandparent’s family, who were living in the same neighborhood. In old ages, mother or aunt finds a bride for his son. So, as soon as my grandfather finished his studies and got a job, his mom started looking a bride for him. She asked my grandmother’s neighbor about a girl, who should be beautiful, charming, caring and could cook well. That’s how both families met and grandparents got married .However, they did not see each other until they went in their bedroom not even in pictures. My grandmother told me, when she saw h er husband first time in the bedroom, she thought of her father-in-law. She was afraid of her husband. It is because my grandfather had big beard at that time. Grandmother did not even see her father- in – law until after the next 2 days of marriage and no one told my grandmother that the groom has a beard. After marriage, their lives became very changed. Love and romance was filled in their lives. My grandmother was a house wife so she spent all her time with her husband after the wedding. However, my grandmother was a very shy woman. She gave very much respect to her husband throughout her life. At that time, respect for a husband was considered the most important thing infront of a wife. My grandmother was too young to be married. However, she became pregnant in the first month after marriage. Both of my grandparents told me that they were extremely respectable, loving and caring to... ...lds her hands and convinced her that everything would be alright. Then he went his home to introduce her with his family. They all liked my friend. At last, she told her parents about him. First, her parents got angry but later they accepted him and finally they got married. First couple of months of their lives was unforgettable because both of them had great interest, attraction and passion for each other. My friend started living with her mother- in –law at her husband’s house .My friend told me that her mother- in- law is a very nice and loving women and my friend is like a daughter to her. On the other hand, my friend also likes her and behaves her like her mom. They both have a happy relationship. My friend got married about more than two years ago. She is happy with her husband. She has a son of 7 months. They both love each other and are living happily. In conclusion, it does not matter whether it is love or arranged marriage, the most important factor between a couple is a good understanding and respect for each other. Love only comes where there is respect and good understanding. If a couple do not have it then love marriages can even become last only for the time being.

HCF Company Essay

Evaluate the option of continue or shutdown of the Malaysian or Thailand operations. Should HCF consider starting its own label? Regarding to the case, HCF have two options either to continue or shutdown operations in Malaysia or Thailand. If they choose to shutdown operation in both Malaysia and Thailand, HCF should consider a few things. Firstly, the shutting down all factories in Malaysia and Thailand would costly around RM4.3 million. The costs are refer to the sale of Penang and Butterworth factories ( RM8.5 million), Chieng Mai and Jitra (RM1.2 million) and redundancy payments around RM3.0 million at minimum. Here, there have advantage and disadvantage of pulling down operation in Malaysia and Thailand. One of the effect of closing down is harm HCF reputation as quality manufacture for both men’s and women’s clothes. In additions, closing down the factories in Malaysia and Thailand causes HCF loss of human capital. As said by Teoh Chin Teh, Factory Operation Direc tor, a large number of employees would have to be retrenched and most of them are working with HCF more than 10 years. Thus, it will affect to workers if Malaysia factories are closed. Secondly, HCF has an option to close down the factories in Jitra and Chieng Mai only. The costs of shutting down both factories are RM1.2 million. Besides that, Jitra and Chieng Mai are located in rural area and will make HCF hard to find new buyers to sell the factories rather than Penang and Butterworth factories which is located in strategic location. Other than that, HCF can save cost of workers in Jitra and Chieng Mai and concentrated the operation in Penang and Butterworth. Regarding the issue about HCF plan to have their own label, they should take a few consideration before proceed with the planning. First, the cost for setup the label is RM32.1 million (fixed costs and advertising costs). Besides, the probability id producing own label is small about 70% while the successful is only 30%. Thus, HCF should not yet started their own label until the companies getting stable and have profit.

Financial Analysis of Amazon.com Inc.

This paper seeks to analyze the financial statements of Amazon. com Inc. for the years 2005, 2006 and 2007 by interpreting its profitability, liquidity, leverage and activity ratios and comparing the same with industry averages. This will also analyze the company’s growth rates, valuation ratios (price) and dividends and will employ horizontal and vertical analysis in process as needed. 2. Analysis and Discussion 2. 1 Profitability Return on equity of Amazon. com Inc. shows many things about the past performance of the company in the past five years.The continued decrease from 2005 through 2007 appears noticeable but the rates are still very high. . From 145. 93% in 2005, it has hugely decreased to 44. 08% in 2006 and further to 39. 77% in 2007. Such level of profitability is still very for purposes of determining a company’s profitability. Compared to industry average of 24. 9%, the company’s ROE is still higher. See Exhibit I in the Appendix. The range of 39% t o 145% return on equity encourages investors as it would mean that for every $100 investment, the investors expect returns of about $39 to $145. These rates could be viewed as something unprecedented for a company like Amazon.com Inc.. Its level of ROE is something that must be the envy of many other companies such as EBay Inc. , Enable Holdings and Friendly Auto Dealers, Inc (Yahoo Finance, 2008). It may be noted that return on equity is solved under the formula where net profit is divided by the total stockholders equity. When compared to an average rate of 1. 5% US base rate (Housepricecrash, 2008 ) if money was invested in a bank, the company’s would seem to offer more than twenty fold and it is something very difficult to find and would therefore make it very attractive to investors.The company’s return on assets for the years 2006 through 2008 ranges from 4% to 9% and which appears to be obviously lower that its ROE. The same may be observed in relation to the co mpany’s net profit margin for last three years and has not even exceeded 5% in any period. However, ROE must be superior in declaring the profitability of Amazon as compared to all other profitability ratios. Operating margin which measures within the range of 3 to 5% for the three years, represents the margin after deducting cost of sales or services and operating expenses.Things to be added or deducted still are other income(s). The ratios mean that the management of Amazon. com Inc. is doing well that it must thank its employee’s participation of employees in delivering value to customers. The net margins of the company for the three years are lower than operating profit margin, due to the additional deductions of interest expenses. The profitability ratios such as return to equity, operating profit margin and net profit margin have the capacity to show historical profitability but investors would base also their decision on estimates of the future.Since conditions change, wise users of financial information may just give more values to estimated cash flow in the future for valuing their investments in terms of dividends to be received from the company. This appears to be found in the case of Amazon as proved by high debt equity as would be discussed later in relation to its profitability. 2. 2. 2 Liquidity Liquidity enables a company to meet its currently maturing obligations. It is measured using the current ratio and the quick asset ratio.Current ratio calculation uses current assets to be divided to current liabilities while quick assets ratio is almost the same except that the inventory and prepaid expenses are being removed from the current assets to have a new numerator but the denominator is the same. Quick assets therefore normally include cash, marketable securities and accounts receivable and the use of quick asset ratio is very much relevant for one intending to have higher form of measuring liquidity. In such case, one would prefe r quick asset ratio over that of the current ratio.As applied now, the current ratios of Amazon. com Inc reflected 1. 39, 1. 33 and 1. 54 for the years 2007, 2006 and 2005 respectively while the quick asset ratios for same years are 1. 02, 0. 95 and 1. 19 for the same years respectively. See Exhibit I in the Appendix. Both ratios showed fluctuating trend where decreased was first noted and then increase followed after. The company’s liquidity may be considered to be still very high since current ratios average more than 1. 3 while quick asset ratio averages about more than 1.0 for the last three years. It current ratio for 2007 is very close to industry average of 1. 8 while its quick ratio of 1. 02 is not very far from industry average of 1. 6. Both its liquidity ratios are better when compared with S&P 500 index. See Exhibit I in the Appendix. The good liquidity appears to be a result also of good profitability of the company as observed earlier in terms of very high return on equity. 2. 2. 3 Leverage ratios Financial leverage or solvency refers to the company’s capacity to keep it stability over the long term.Generally measured by the debt to equity ratio, with the formula of having the total debt of the company divided by its total equity; a good financial leverage assures investors that the company is not to just to exist in the short term but it must also have a long life to recover long term investments which takes years to produce the needed returns. The debt to equity ratios of Amazon. com Inc. are 4. 42, 9. 12 and 14. 02 for the years 2007, 2006 and 2005 respectively. These ratios are however not as good as industry average of 0. 32. See Exhibit I in the Appendix .The ratios are indeed very high since the ratio of more than 4. 0 means that the value the company investments is not matched by what it borrows by about more than 400%. Remarkable Improvement were however recorded from 2005 through 2007. This must be due to its very high prof itability. This could mean that the company is expanding business as noted its net fixed assets reflecting growth rates of 25. 06%, 22. 53% and 67. 91%, the years 2007, 2006 and 2005 respectively. See Exhibit I in the Appendix. In other words, expansions are getting financed hugely from operations which is a sigh of a healthy company.Good solvency is a proof of good capital structure and for Amazon. com Inc. the same could be attainable as shown in the very remarkable improvement if its debt to equity ratio which cut more than half that on 2006 in 2007. Given also its very good liquidity as analyzed earlier, the company must be declared to have clean bill of health in financial terms. 2. 2. 4 Efficiency ratios The company’s profitability is being supported by its good efficiency ratios. Inventory turnovers for three years are very much higher than industry average and such efficiency is indicative of its better performance than competitors.Even its collection period and recei vable turnover are definitely above industry and S&P 500 index. No wonder the massive improvement in leverage ratio for two years is more than justified. 3. Conclusion Amazon. com is growing very remarkably in term of revenues, fixed assets, and net income. The increase in net income of more than 60% in 2007 is not easy to disregard and the fixed assets growth averaging more than 20% for the last three years could only mean an expanding company under a very favorable condition in the industry.Its profitability ratios, liquidity ratios, leverage ratios and activity ratios are very favorable to the company. Its profitability is sustaining not only its liquidity by keep improving is highly leverage financial condition. Although, 2007 liquidity and leverage ratios are not as good as industry averages, the chance that they could be improved soon by company’s profitability is very big given its higher than industry average ROE for the last three years. The activity ratios in terms of inventory turnover and receivable turnover in 2007 are higher than industry average which could only support for the company’s very high profitability.

Concepts Of Absolute And Comparative Advantage

Let us take an example of two farmers who are producing the same type of commodities, which are ground nuts and maize, from the same size of farms. If the two farmers decide to devote all their efforts in producing maize, their farm outputs will be as follows: farmer A – 600 bags; and farmer B – 200 bags. If they allocate their resources well and produce ground nuts, their output will be as follows: farmer A – 300 bags, and farmer B – 200 bags. We can say that that farmer A enjoys absolute advantage in producing both maize and groundnuts than farmer B.The two farmers can however still benefit from each other through specialization and commodity exchange. Farmer A has a comparative advantage in producing maize while farmer B has comparative advantage in producing groundnuts due to opportunity cost of production in both farms. Based on current economic conditions, make one argument in favor of more government involvement in the economy and one argument in fa vor of less government involvement in the economy. For many governments, involvement in their respective economies is important.This is because the governments can ensure that producers are not exploited due to lack of market for their products in by enhancing trade with other countries. The governments will thus procure ready markets for that product in other countries, hence promoting the economy in their home countries. Moreover, governmental involvement in their countries’ economies is important because it can ensure that business activities are regulated for a free enterprise and competition. Governments may also fight corruption in private sectors to ensure that consumers are not exploited by the large producers and monopolies.Diminishing marginal utility explains a lot about human behavior. For example, it helps illuminate why diets fail, romances fade, too much exercise harms us, and many other things. Select a human behavior and construct a â€Å"mini case studyâ₠¬  that highlights the workings of marginal utility. Take an example one being thirsty and instead of drinking water, deciding to go to a nearby kiosk or shop to drink a cold soda. The first soda they get may be very good or appetizing until they decide to take another one. For the first soda taking, on a scale of ten, the person can even score ten out of ten.For the second soda, since they have somehow quenched their thirst, they can score five out of ten. If they continue to take another soda, they can even not finish it and now score two out of ten. Read the LAST Word piece â€Å"Financing Social Security† listed below. Of the alternative approaches to repairing social security, which do you think makes the most sense, and why? As part of your answer find a recent (less than a year old) article on the subject and cite it. The approach that makes the most sense is investing the payroll taxes through personal retirement account.This approach is important because it can impr ove the standard of living of employees in the future after they have retired from work. Employees will be able to properly structure their incomes besides being allowed to get used in future to any need during their time of retirement. They may thus either start their own business or incase of death arises; they can leave those funds for their families. An advantage of using this approach is that new employees, who will perhaps be earning low incomes as compared to the old employees, will have to contribute fewer taxes toward the security fund.They will however continue increasing their remittances as their payroll will continue to rise up. Those funds must also be deducted throughout one’s life until they retire from your job. People will thus start receiving the benefits of that scheme, or in case of they die, their spouses or dependants can enjoy that benefit. Another importance is that workers of any income level are allowed to contribute to this scheme and build nest eg gs for their families. Personal retirement accounts are voluntary and young workers have an opportunity to open and continue with them for future benefits which could be a worth a presentable sum of money. Concepts Of Absolute And Comparative Advantage Let us take an example of two farmers who are producing the same type of commodities, which are ground nuts and maize, from the same size of farms. If the two farmers decide to devote all their efforts in producing maize, their farm outputs will be as follows: farmer A – 600 bags; and farmer B – 200 bags. If they allocate their resources well and produce ground nuts, their output will be as follows: farmer A – 300 bags, and farmer B – 200 bags. We can say that that farmer A enjoys absolute advantage in producing both maize and groundnuts than farmer B.The two farmers can however still benefit from each other through specialization and commodity exchange. Farmer A has a comparative advantage in producing maize while farmer B has comparative advantage in producing groundnuts due to opportunity cost of production in both farms. Based on current economic conditions, make one argument in favor of more government involvement in the economy and one argument in fa vor of less government involvement in the economy. For many governments, involvement in their respective economies is important.This is because the governments can ensure that producers are not exploited due to lack of market for their products in by enhancing trade with other countries. The governments will thus procure ready markets for that product in other countries, hence promoting the economy in their home countries. Moreover, governmental involvement in their countries’ economies is important because it can ensure that business activities are regulated for a free enterprise and competition. Governments may also fight corruption in private sectors to ensure that consumers are not exploited by the large producers and monopolies.Diminishing marginal utility explains a lot about human behavior. For example, it helps illuminate why diets fail, romances fade, too much exercise harms us, and many other things. Select a human behavior and construct a â€Å"mini case studyâ₠¬  that highlights the workings of marginal utility. Take an example one being thirsty and instead of drinking water, deciding to go to a nearby kiosk or shop to drink a cold soda. The first soda they get may be very good or appetizing until they decide to take another one. For the first soda taking, on a scale of ten, the person can even score ten out of ten.For the second soda, since they have somehow quenched their thirst, they can score five out of ten. If they continue to take another soda, they can even not finish it and now score two out of ten. Read the LAST Word piece â€Å"Financing Social Security† listed below. Of the alternative approaches to repairing social security, which do you think makes the most sense, and why? As part of your answer find a recent (less than a year old) article on the subject and cite it. The approach that makes the most sense is investing the payroll taxes through personal retirement account.This approach is important because it can impr ove the standard of living of employees in the future after they have retired from work. Employees will be able to properly structure their incomes besides being allowed to get used in future to any need during their time of retirement. They may thus either start their own business or incase of death arises; they can leave those funds for their families. An advantage of using this approach is that new employees, who will perhaps be earning low incomes as compared to the old employees, will have to contribute fewer taxes toward the security fund.They will however continue increasing their remittances as their payroll will continue to rise up. Those funds must also be deducted throughout one’s life until they retire from your job. People will thus start receiving the benefits of that scheme, or in case of they die, their spouses or dependants can enjoy that benefit. Another importance is that workers of any income level are allowed to contribute to this scheme and build nest eg gs for their families. Personal retirement accounts are voluntary and young workers have an opportunity to open and continue with them for future benefits which could be a worth a presentable sum of money.

Social Responsibility Theory

Social Responsibility Theory To combat the pressures that threatened freedom of the press, this theory was first introduced in 1947 and was recommended by the Hutchins Commission on Freedom of the Press. It stated that the media should serve the public, and in order to do so, should remain free of government interference. It defined guidelines that the media should follow in order to fulfill its obligation of serving the public. Ethics and the Media The Social Responsibility Theory claimed that the media could be self-regulating by adhering to the following precepts: †¢ Media has obligations to fulfill to a democratic society in order to preserve freedom. †¢ Media should be self-regulated. †¢ Media should have high standards for professionalism and objectivity, as well as truth and accuracy. †¢ Media should reflect the diversity of the cultures they represent. †¢ The public has a right to expect professional performance. The proponents of this theory had strong faith in the public’s ability to determine right and wrong, and take action to preserve the public good when necessary. ) The social responsibility does not only fall upon the reporters and producers of media. The responsibility also falls to the consumers to become media literate and maintain high, yet reasonable expectations of the media. In theory, if these things happen, there will be no need for government intervention. The Social Resp onsibility Theory was set forth as the ideal way for the media to conduct business. Over the years since its introduction, this theory has met with much criticism as well as support. It has become the standard for United States media practices. It has also set the standards for much of the currently accepted media ethics. [pic] [pic]Since the Hutchins Commission produced its famous theory, the United States has developed better educated journalists, seen a reduction in news sensationalism and enjoyed more accuracy in reporting. Many journalists are now also advocates for the public and for social issues and reform, getting heir messages out through the media. Read more at Suite101: What is the Social Responsibility Theory? : Written by the Hutchins Commission on Freedom of the Press http://press-freedom. suite101. com/article. cfm/what_is_the_social_responsibility_theory#ixzz0hYd9u8dH Social responsibility Social responsibility is an ethical or ideological theory that an entity whether it is a government, corporation, organization or individual has a responsibility to society at large. This responsibility can be â€Å"negative†, meaning there is exemption from blame or liability, or it can be â€Å"positive,† meaning there is a responsibility to act beneficently (proactive stance). Businesses can use ethical decision making to secure their businesses by making decisions that allow for government agencies to minimize their involvement with the corporation. (Kaliski, 2001) For instance if a company is proactive and follows the United States Environmental Protection Agency? EPA) guidelines for emissions on dangerous pollutants and even goes an extra step to get involved in the community and address those concerns that the public might have; they would be less likely to have the EPA investigate them for environmental concerns. â€Å"A significant element of current thinking about privacy, however, stresses â€Å"self-regulation† rather than market or government mechanisms for protecting personal information† (Swire , 1997) Most rules and reg ulations are formed due to public outcry, if there is not outcry there often will be limited regulation. Critics argue that Corporate social responsibility (CSR) distracts from the fundamental economic role of businesses; others argue that it is nothing more than superficial window-dressing; others argue that it is an attempt to pre-empt the role of governments as a watchdog over powerful multinational corporations (Carpenter, Bauer, & Erdogan, 2009). Socially responsible Corporate social responsibility (CSR), also known as corporate responsibility, corporate citizenship, responsible business, sustainable responsible (SRB), or corporate social performance,[1] is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model. Ideally, CSR policy would function as a built-in, self-regulating mechanism whereby business would monitor and ensure their adherence to law, ethical standards, and international norms. Business would embrace responsibility for the impact of their activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities, stockholders and all other members of the public sphere For each business, different measures are taken in consideration to classify a business as â€Å"socially responsible†. Each business attempts to reach different goals. There are four areas that should be measured regardless of the outcome needed: Economic function, Quality of life, Social investment and Problem solving. [citation needed] that is trying to be achieved should be measured to see if it meets with the cost guidelines that the business is willing to contribute. [edit] Emerging Normative Status of Social Responsibility Social responsibility as a non-binding, or soft law principle has received some normative status in relation to private and public corporations in the United Nations Educational, Social and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Universal Declation on Bioethics and Human Rights developed by the UNESCO International Bioethics Committee particularly in relation to child and maternal welfare. (Faunce and Nasu 2009) The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is developing an international standard to provide guidelines for adopting and disseminating social responsibility: ISO 26000 – Social Responsibility. Due for publication in 2010, this standard will â€Å"encourage voluntary commitment to social responsibility and will lead to common guidance on concepts, definitions and methods of evaluation. † (ISO, 2009) The standard describes itself as a guide for dialogue and action, not a constraining or certifiable management standard. Social Responsibility |[pi|Practiced in the US in the 20th century | |c] | |[pi|Purpose is to inform, entertain, sell, but also to raise conflict to the plane of discussion | |c] | | |[pi|Ownership is private | |c] | | The social responsibility theory is an outgrowth of the libertarian theory. However, social responsibility goes beyond â€Å"objective† reporting to â€Å"interpretive† reporting. A truthful, complete account of the news is not necessarily enough today, notes the Commission on the Freedom of the Press: â€Å"It is no longer enough to report the fact [pic]truthfully. It is now necessary to report the truth about the fact. † Today's complex world often necessitates analysis, explanation, and interpretation. As the Commission stated in 1940: The emerging theory does not deny the rationality of man, although it puts far less confidence in it than the libertarian theory, but it does seem to deny that man is innately motivated to search for truth and to accept it as his guide. Under the social responsibility theory, man is viewed not so much irrational as lethargic. He is capable of using his reason but he is loath to do so. If man is to remain free, he must live by reason instead of passively accepting what he sees, hears, and feels. Therefore, the more alert elements of the community must goad him into the exercise of his reason. Without such goading man is not likely to be moved to seek truth. The languor which keeps him from using his gift of reason extends to all public discussion. Man's aim is not to find truth but to satisfy his immediate needs and desires. It is the press, therefore, that must be the â€Å"more alert element† and keep the public informed, for an informed populace is the cornerstone of democracy. Today's large media conglomerates, however, may not function naturally as a public forum, where all ideas are shared and available. â€Å"The owners and managers of the press determine which persons, which facts, which versions of these facts, shall reach the public,† writes the Commission. In this same light, Siebert, Peterson and Schramm warn: †¦ he power and near monopoly position of the media impose on them an obligation to be socially responsible, to see that all sides are fairly presented and that the public has enough information to decide; and that if the media do not take on themselves such responsibility it may be necessary for some other agency of the public to enforce it. The Canons of Journalism, adopted by the America n Society of Newspaper Editors addresses these same obligations when it calls on newspapers to practice responsibility to the general welfare, sincerity, truthfulness, impartiality, fair play, decency, and respect for the individual's privacy. Siebert, Peterson and Schramm also note that â€Å"freedom of expression under the social responsibility theory is not an absolute right, as under pure libertarian theory†¦. One's right to free expression must be balanced against the private rights of others and against vital social interests. † For example, it likely would not be socially responsible to report how the terrorist, using some new method, evaded security measures and smuggled a bomb onto a commercial airline.